Ok, Bolaji Aluko, you're right, I was wrong: it seems indeed that Awolowo attended the 1945 Manchester Pan-African conference. I'd been reading Padmore's comments where he'd made his acknowledgements that mentions Zik and others as the moving spirits of the Manchester conference. I mixed up the 1945 (Manchester) and 1954 (Accra) conferences. It was the 1954 conference that Awo did not attend. So, I revise my position, and thanks for pointing it out to me. But the point remains. And you quite rightly point to Nsukka's honoring of Awo in its first convocation in 1962 with an honorary Doctorate under Zik's chancellorship, alongside Zik himself, Leon Hansberry, Dr M.I Okpara, Bishop J.C. Anyogu, Dr. John Hannah, Eric Ashby and J.W. Cook. In the second convocation they honored Ibiam, Balewa and Adetokunbo Ademola. It was siply that, the University of Nigeria reflected Azikiwe's broad conception of the mission of the University: he named Halls and Schools after great Nigerian, African and African-American leaders. He built a university and named its halls of residence after Awo, Bello, Balewa, Akintola, Osadebe, and so on - his so-called political opponents; named the school of Engineering after Agbebi, the School of Music after Fela Sowande who was its first chair, named the School of Architecture after Marcaulay, the school of law after Sapara-Williams, etc. These were gestrures, both symbolic and realistic, that essayed the fundamental essence of Zikism. No other of the regional universities at Ife or Zaria laid the same trans-ethnic and transnational vision. In fact, in his statement as Chancellor and Chairman of the provisional council of the University of Nigeria on March 1961 to which I refered, and which Ikejiani has quoted in part, Azikiwe articulated "the philosophy animating the foundation of the University of Nigeria" among the following:
1. "Its nationalist content so as to preserve the dignity of the African, as expressed by the Congress of British West africa when the struggle for national self-determination was at its earlier beginning"...
12. "competent academic staff will be recruited not exclusievely from any particular country or race, but it is intended to cast a net wide over an extensive area, in all continents of the earth, among suitably qualigfied and exprienced English-speaking university teachers, who will be provided the opportunity to maintain contact with intellectuals and academic life in the outside world"
13. 'it will be the first time in the history of higher education in Nigeria, when students will be able to study ancient, modern and African languages up to degree standard."
I've simply selected these three to highlight the basic principle that made it possible for Awo to be invested with the first honors of the Uniersity of Nigeria at its foundational convocation in 1962. It is Zikist cosmopolitanism and bridge-building. I do not deny Awolowo's brilliance, nor should I indeed; but I critique his historical standing purely to challenge the revanchist mythologies of Awoists hell-bent on crass revisionism.
Obi Nwakanma
To: rexmarinus@hotmail.com
CC: naijaintellects@googlegroups.com; NaijaPolitics@yahoogroups.com; OmoOdua@yahoogroups.com; nigerianID@yahoogroups.com; USAAfricaDialogue@googlegroups.com; Raayiriga@yahoogroups.com; ekitipanupo@yahoogroups.com
From: alukome@gmail.com
Date: Sat, 1 Dec 2012 04:36:25 +0100
Subject: [NaijaPolitics] STAR INFORMATION: Chief Obafemi Awolowo Attended the Manchester 1945 Pan-African Conference.....{Re: he Real Story of Nigeria - Nigeria and the Igbo from the very mouths of Obafemi Awolowo }
Obi Nwakanma:
1. "Its nationalist content so as to preserve the dignity of the African, as expressed by the Congress of British West africa when the struggle for national self-determination was at its earlier beginning"...
12. "competent academic staff will be recruited not exclusievely from any particular country or race, but it is intended to cast a net wide over an extensive area, in all continents of the earth, among suitably qualigfied and exprienced English-speaking university teachers, who will be provided the opportunity to maintain contact with intellectuals and academic life in the outside world"
13. 'it will be the first time in the history of higher education in Nigeria, when students will be able to study ancient, modern and African languages up to degree standard."
I've simply selected these three to highlight the basic principle that made it possible for Awo to be invested with the first honors of the Uniersity of Nigeria at its foundational convocation in 1962. It is Zikist cosmopolitanism and bridge-building. I do not deny Awolowo's brilliance, nor should I indeed; but I critique his historical standing purely to challenge the revanchist mythologies of Awoists hell-bent on crass revisionism.
Obi Nwakanma
To: rexmarinus@hotmail.com
CC: naijaintellects@googlegroups.com; NaijaPolitics@yahoogroups.com; OmoOdua@yahoogroups.com; nigerianID@yahoogroups.com; USAAfricaDialogue@googlegroups.com; Raayiriga@yahoogroups.com; ekitipanupo@yahoogroups.com
From: alukome@gmail.com
Date: Sat, 1 Dec 2012 04:36:25 +0100
Subject: [NaijaPolitics] STAR INFORMATION: Chief Obafemi Awolowo Attended the Manchester 1945 Pan-African Conference.....{Re: he Real Story of Nigeria - Nigeria and the Igbo from the very mouths of Obafemi Awolowo }
Although you write well, one has to be very careful when one reads you, because much of your writing is almost Goebellsian, as you inflate Zik and the Igbo supermenschen notion, and deflate Awo and every other non-Igbo ethnic group. You write half-truths and hide truths, and then when you are called out, you hardly ever back-track, hiding old untruths and half-truths with more subterfuge, insinuations and innuendoes, with literary bobbings and weavings, and other rope-a-dopes.....
Please come with me....
In recognition of his intellectual contributions, Awolowo was honoured by the following institutions of learning:
Congress (Malawi), the African National Congress (ANC) of South Africa, and the Gold Coast Farmers' Association. The list of individual participants read like Who is Who of the Black World, and included, besides the conference planners,Wallace Johnson (Sierra Leone), Chief Obafemi Awolowo (Nigeria), Chief H. O. Davies (Nigeria), J. E. Taylor (Ghana), Dr. Hastings Banda (Malawi), Mrs. Amy Ashwood Garvey (then representing Jamaica Women's Movement), and Jaja Wachukwu (Nigeria). Some of these people went on to lead their own countries to independence. In general, the gathering was the largest and the most representative Pan-African conference ever held. It was a crowning achievement for DuBois, then universally acknowledged as the "Father of Pan-Africanism," who flew in from New York to convene it.
1. You will notice that Chief Obafemi, in the following passage that you quote:
QUOTE:
"I was a little bit disturbed by the point you made before. I hope you have not taken a final decision on it, that is, that the East will not associate with the North in future. Easterners have fought more than any other group in this country over the years to make Nigeria what it is, or what it was, before the crisis began. I think it will be a pity if they just forget something for which they have laboured for years . Many of the Easterners who fought for "One Nigeria" are no longer with us. It will not be a good tribute to their memory by destroying that"one Nigeria"., Certainly, it is not going to be the same as it used to be. I have taken a stand on that, and I am prepared to drop tribal labels at the moment, but I know in my own mind what sort of thing I have in view for the federation. But I think it will be a great pity and tragedy and disservice to the memories of all those who have gone to disband Nigeria. And here we are not here to criticize anybody, I think it is generally agreed that some units have done more for the unity of Nigeria than others. The East certainly have not yielded first place to anyone in that regard. I would like you to consider that aspect very seriously".
-Chief Awolowo to General Ojukwu, Enugu, May 6, 1967
UNQUOTE
pointedly referred to "Easterners" and not just to "Igbos." That is a distinction with a difference - with the Igbo being one of several ethnic groups in the East. I do not wish to expand further upon that notion.
2. Note that this quotation was on May 6, 1967. Yet part of the continuing accusation against Awo was that he seemed so ready willy-nilly to lead the Yoruba to secede from Nigeria once the East seceded, following an upside-down (and anachronistic) reading of his May 1 speech in Ibadan.
QUOTE
Chief Awolowo's Speech to Western leaders of thought in Ibadan, MAY 1 1967
The aim of a leader should be the welfare of the people whom he leads. I have used 'welfare' to denote the physical, mental and spiritual well-being of the people. With this aim fixed unflinchingly and unchangeably before my eyes I consider it my duty to Yoruba people in particular and to Nigerians in general, to place four imperatives before you this morning. Two of them are categorical and two are conditional. (1) Only a peaceful solution must be found to arrest the present worsening stalemate and restore normalcy. (2) The Eastern Region must be encouraged to remain part of the Federation. (3) If the Eastern Region is allowed by acts of omission or commission to secede from or opt out of Nigeria, then the
Western Region and Lagos must also stay out of the Federation. (4) The people of Western Nigeria and Lagos should participate in the ad hoc committee or any similar body only on the basis of absolute equality with the other regions of the Federation.............
Western Region and Lagos must also stay out of the Federation. (4) The people of Western Nigeria and Lagos should participate in the ad hoc committee or any similar body only on the basis of absolute equality with the other regions of the Federation.............
UNQUOTE
When does a conditional statement on May 1 suddenly become categorical of May 6? Yet, some hagiographers continue to believe that he FURTHERED that agreement SECRETLY during and/or after that Enugu meeting which my own late father was present. This present quotation RE-EMPHASISES Awo's belief in the unity of Nigeria, despite the DIFFICULTIES that Nigeria was going through during that trying period.
3. You and some of your acolytes apparently seem surprised that Awo had healthy respect for the contribution of Easterners to the decolonization and unity of Nigeria up to that point. I wonder why. In any case, you will recall that Awo got his first HONORARY degree EVER from the University of Nigeria, Nsukka in 1962 -
QUOTE
HONOURS:
In recognition of his intellectual contributions, Awolowo was honoured by the following institutions of learning:
University of Nigeria, Nsukka: LL.D. (1962)
University of Ife, Ile-Ife: D.Sc. (1967)
University of Lagos: D.Litt. (1968)
University of Ibadan: LL.D. (1972)
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria: LL.D. (1975)
University of Cape Coast, Ghana: LL.D. (1976)
University of Ife, Ile-Ife: D.Sc. (1967)
University of Lagos: D.Litt. (1968)
University of Ibadan: LL.D. (1972)
Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria: LL.D. (1975)
University of Cape Coast, Ghana: LL.D. (1976)
UNQUOTE
Obviously, this award must have been with then President Zik's agreement and blessing, Zik being the chief motivator of UNN. One would love to exhume the Awolowo's citation for that honorary degree of 1962, on the eve of the beginnings of his troubles in May 1962 culminating in his formal charging for treason in November 1962. [See: http://www.dawodu.com/aluko90.htm From May 1962 to May 1963: State of Emergency in Western Nigeria and in Nigeria ]
4. Although you repeatedly try to deflate Awo's international credentials - not only in your write-up below but in virtually every other write-up of yours that includes his name let me correct you to state that his presence in London as a mature student of 36 years old saw him more as a member of the FABIAN SOCIETY than as a member of the Labor Party as you claim below. Membership of one was not synonymous to the other. With respect to the Fabian Society, Awoeis mentioned in the same breath as Nehru and Lee Kuan Yew in this regard:
QUOTE
In the period between the two World Wars, the "Second Generation" Fabians, including the writers R. H. Tawney, G. D. H. Cole and Harold Laski, continued to be a major influence on social-democratic thought.
It was at this time that many of the future leaders of the Third World were exposed to Fabian thought, most notably India'sJawaharlal Nehru, who subsequently framed economic policy for India on Fabian socialism lines. After independence from Britain, Nehru's Fabian ideas committed India to an economy in which the state owned, operated and controlled means of production, in particular key heavy industrial sectors such as steel, telecommunications, transportation, electricity generation, mining and real estate development. Private activity, property rights and entrepreneurship were discouraged or regulated through permits, nationalization of economic activity and high taxes were encouraged, rationing, control of individual choices and Mahalanobis model considered by Nehru as a means to implement the Fabian Society version of socialism.[14][15][16] In addition to Nehru, several pre-independence leaders in colonial India such as Annie Besant - Nehru's mentor and later a president of Indian National Congress - were members of the Fabian Society.[17]
Obafemi Awolowo, who later became the premier of Nigeria's defunct Western Region was also a Fabian member in the late 1940s. It was the Fabian ideology that Awolowo used to run the Western Region but was prevented from using it on a national level in Nigeria. It is less known that the founder of Pakistan, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, was an avid member of the Fabian Society in the early 1930s. Lee Kuan Yew, the first Prime Minister of Singapore, stated in his memoirs that his initial political philosophy was strongly influenced by the Fabian Society. However, he later altered his views, considering the Fabian ideal of socialism as impractical
UNQUOTE
5. Perhaps more scandalous is your attempt to WHITE-OUT Awolowo's participation in the 1945 Pan-African Conference in London, and WRITE-IN Zik's long-distance participation. You don't attempt to provide any information as to why Zik, who was alive - and according to you took part in the organization of the conference - could not personally participate, while Awolowo, who was then in London, did not (according to you) participate. You leave the impression that Awo was inattentive or inconsequential - or both - while Zik was very consequential. Who knows - could illness have prevented BOTH of them from not being able to participate? Or other pressing matters?
But that is a DEVIL's ADVOCATE question, because the some records shows that Awolowo DID participate in the 1945 Pan-African Conference in Manchester. Please read this OTHER STORY...
QUOTE
http://www.pearsonhighered.com/assets/hip/us/hip_us_pearsonhighered/samplechapter/0130918431.pdf
Chapter 5: African Nationalism and the Struggle for Freedom page 168 ff.
Elaborate preparations went into the 1945 Pan-African conference, to be held in Manchester, England. More Africans were involved in it than ever before, London being the center for a very large number of African students studying in Britain at the time. The conference committee was chaired by Dr. Peter Milliard (British Guiana) and T. R. Makonnen (British Guiana) was treasurer; George Padmore (West Indies) and Kwame Nkrumah (Ghana), political secretaries; Peter Abrahams (South Africa) was publicity secretary and Jomo Kenyatta (Kenya) was conference secretary. For the first time, African political parties, trade unions, youth leagues, and students' associations sent representatives. The roster of attendees included those representing the National Council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC), the Labour Party of Grenada (West Indies), the West Indies People's National Party, the Nigerian Youth Movement, the Nyasaland African
Congress (Malawi), the African National Congress (ANC) of South Africa, and the Gold Coast Farmers' Association. The list of individual participants read like Who is Who of the Black World, and included, besides the conference planners,Wallace Johnson (Sierra Leone), Chief Obafemi Awolowo (Nigeria), Chief H. O. Davies (Nigeria), J. E. Taylor (Ghana), Dr. Hastings Banda (Malawi), Mrs. Amy Ashwood Garvey (then representing Jamaica Women's Movement), and Jaja Wachukwu (Nigeria). Some of these people went on to lead their own countries to independence. In general, the gathering was the largest and the most representative Pan-African conference ever held. It was a crowning achievement for DuBois, then universally acknowledged as the "Father of Pan-Africanism," who flew in from New York to convene it.
The deliberations of the conference were wide ranging in scope. Reports were presented on conditions of black people in Africa, the United States, the West Indies, and Britain. Some resolutions reaffirmed demands made by previous conferences but not yet implemented by the colonial powers; others expressed the solidarity of the people of African descent with other oppressed and colonized people, particularly the Vietnamese, Indonesians, and Indians who were, at the time, actively involved in their own freedom struggles. This Pan-African conference was important in several ways: As already noted, it was the best attended by Africans from the continent. Many of those who attended went on to lead their countries to independence, becoming presidents, prime ministers, or cabinet ministers. It marked the transformation of the Pan-African movement from a protest movement—seeking moderate reforms including the right to form a trade union, to be paid a decent wage, to vote for representatives in local councils, to obtain health care and housing, etc.—to a "tool" of
African nationalist movements fighting for self-rule. The idea of independence was echoed throughout all the discussions at the conference.
Information was provided about other struggles elsewhere in the world that were being waged against the same colonial powers that Africans were facing, and the participants were able to draw some lessons that might be applied to the African struggles. The conference allowed Africans in attendance to develop ties and relationships among themselves that helped them later in organizing their people when they returned home. The African activists who attended the conference said that they were inspired by the resolutions passed and encouraged by the moral support they received from each other.
UNQUOTE
Also read this:
QUOTE
1945 - THE FIFTH PAN AFRICAN CONGRESS
This was held in Manchester in the north west of England. There were ninety delegates, twenty six from all over Africa. These included Peter Abrahams for the ANC, and a number of men who were to become political leaders in their countries, such as Hastings Banda, Nkrumah, Obafemi Awolowo and Kenyatta. There was also Marcus Garvey's wife and Trinidadian radical George Padmore.
There were thirty three delegates from the West Indies and thirty five from various British organisations including the West African Students Union. W.E.B. DuBois, the man who had organised the first Pan African Congress back in 1919, was there too at the age of 77.
Despite the turnout, this conference scarcely got a mention in British press. There were many resolutions passed, including one calling for racial discrimination to be made a criminal offense. The main resolution decried imperialism and capitalism
UNQUOTE
Do you see the name of Obafemi Awolowo there? Yes - along with HO Davies, possibly both as delegates of the Nigerian Youth Movement (NYM) that Zik had quit dramatically in 1941. How could you POSSIBLY have missed these references? Do you see the name of Nnamdi Azikiwe there? No. Where is the reference to him as one of the organizers? As then the Secretary-General of the NCNC, why did he not come as a delegate of the NCNC (maybe like Jaja Wachukwu)?
Inquiring minds want to know......
And there you have it. So please revise your priors and be more careful in crafting your own "our-story."
Bolaji Aluko
From: Enyimba1ofAba@aol.com
Date: Thu, 29 Nov 2012 09:13:30 -0500
Subject: ||NaijaObserver|| The Real Story of Nigeria - Nigeria and the Igbo from the very mouths of Obafemi AwolowoDr. Obi Nwakanma:
The quote below were words from Awolowo, and those words came before he and the Yorubas
tasted the benefits of Igbo exclusions in Nigeria politics. Since after that war, the Yorubas, mostly the
new generation Yorubas after getting drunk with the looting of Nigeria, they do not believe that Igbo men
and women contributed anything to the development of Nigeria and its Independence.Enyimba Himself
enyimba1ofaba@aol.com===========================================================================11:04 AM (6 hours ago)
Received: 06:15 PM EAT, 11/29/2012
From: Rex Marinus <rexmarinus@hotmail.com>
To: <naijaobserver@yahoogroups.com>, <igboworldforum@yahoo.com>, <igboevents@yahoogroups.com>, <nigerianworldforum@yahoogroups.com>
Subject: RE: ||NaijaObserver|| The Real Story of Nigeria - Nigeria and the Igbo from the very mouths of Obafemi AwolowoYou'd notice that I wrote "mouths" - and it is the way Agwu works:) By indirection. Anyway, I posted this to situate the side of the true story of Nigeria which the documentary generally ignores. A key figure in that story, Awolowo himself knew truth and confessed it. That's the story. There are critical aspects of the documetary that are fundamentally wrong. For example, the picture that Jide attributes as "Adedoyin" actually is Azikiwe leading the the NCNC delegation to London in 1947. It might actually be during or shortly after that visit to London - to demand Nigeria's freedom - that Azikiwe, as the Key speaker at the Socialist International conference in Oxford in 1947 gave his famous and defiant, "Before Us Lies the Open Grave" speech, whose title was taken straight from the poem by one of the Key Harlem renaissance poets, Claude Mackay. These facts for a documentary that is rather at the surface level and angled to tell a different story could not be expected to be easily contextualized.
The second fact which ought to be brought up is its clever attempt to CENTER Awolowo in the discourse of nation and nation-making. This is the project that has gone on by many Awoist intellectuals since 1968, and continues to date. It is tantamount basically to normalizing the Nigerian antinomy. But one clear historical fact is that Awolowo was NOT at the Manchester Conference of the Pan-African Movement in 1945. The key organizers of that critical Manchester conference were George Padmore (formerly known as Malcolm Nurse), Nnamdi Azikiwe and Kwame Nkrumah who served as the secretary of the conference. Jomo Kenyata, Wachukwu, Banda, etc, were participants in the conference. Although Azikiwe could not attend the conferecnce in 1945 in London, but according to the notes of the conference by its central organizer, George Padmore, Azikiwe was one of its organizers. Awo was not mentioned; was not consequential, and was only not part of the organizing of the Pan-African Conference in London, he DID NOT participate in the conference even though he was in London in 1945 as a student in LSE. Awo identified more, and this is crucial, which the British Labour Party of which he was a member at the time in London.
There are other critical elements in the documentary like the statement about the funding/financing of the NCNC which are blatant fibs, but again, there is this thing we say about the "angle of the camera" - wherever you direct it, that is what it captures. The attempts at erasing Azikiwe from Nigerian history is a long and sustained project; it is a highly organized revisionist agenda. It is because of this that people like me, always heeding Achebe's admonition insist that we cannot allow others to tell our stories. When the Igbo and other Nigerians ignore and undermine Azikiwe, they undermine the vitality of the Nigerian story. For example, today, Ghana projects Nkrumah as the "foremost" political leader of the African continent and the black world, and the organizing spirit of its nation. This image rubs off on Ghana as the epicenter of the black world. It is because Nigeria has refused to tell the heroic story of Azikiwe and his men in the making of modern Africa; in the struggle for African freedom, and in the shaping of the discussions of the Black Atlantic, that Nigeria today is increasingly subsumed to the mythology of Ghana. Nigeria has no organizing myth. Zik gave Nkrumah to Ghana. Zik roused the nationalist movement in Ghana, in Nigeria, in Gambia, in the African world in the inter war years. Indeed as Julius Nyerere himself put it, who was at the Pan-African Conference in 1945, "until my generation of Africans read Renascent Africa and listened to Zik, we did not know that Africa was possible." It was in consideration of this truth that Walter Rodney mentioned to a famous Nigerian historian in 1973, how considering the importance of Azikiwe in the story of the global black revolutionary movement in the 20th century, that he was inclined to doing his political biography, a project his asssination apparently rendered moot. Azikiwe was the embodiment of the true story of the heroic epoch of Nigeria, and he embodies the perfect Nigerian ideal. Until the true story of Nigeria is told, we shall not know where the rain began to beat us, and people like Jide Olarenwaju will continue to exhume the corpse from its feet.
Obi Nwakanma
To: naijaobserver@yahoogroups.com
From: Enyimba1ofAba@aol.com
Date: Thu, 29 Nov 2012 09:13:30 -0500
Subject: ||NaijaObserver|| The Real Story of Nigeria - Nigeria and the Igbo from the very mouths of Obafemi Awolowo
Dr. Obi Nwakanma:
The quote below were words from Awolowo, and those words came before he and the Yorubas
tasted the benefits of Igbo exclusions in Nigeria politics. Since after that war, the Yorubas, mostly the
new generation Yorubas after getting drunk with the looting of Nigeria, they do not believe that Igbo men
and women contributed anything to the development of Nigeria and its Independence.
-----Original Message-----
From: Rex Marinus <rexmarinus@hotmail.com>
To: igboevents <igboevents@yahoogroups.com>; nigerianworldforum <nigerianworldforum@yahoogroups.com>; talknigeria <talknigeria@yahoogroups.com>; naijaobserver <naijaobserver@yahoogroups.com>; igboworldforum <igboworldforum@yahoo.com>; naijapolitics <naijapolitics@yahoogroups.com>
Sent: Thu, Nov 29, 2012 7:40 am
Subject: [IgboEvents:Live] The Real Story of Nigeria - Nigeria and the Igbo from the very mouths of Obafemi Awolowo
"I was a little bit disturbed by the point you made before. I hope you have not taken a final decision on it, that is, that the East will not associate with the North in future. Easterners have fought more than any other group in this country over the years to make Nigeria what it is, or what it was, before the crisis began. I think it will be a pity if they just forget something for which they have laboured for years . Many of the Easterners who fought for "One Nigeria" are no longer with us. It will not be a good tribute to their memory by destroying that"one Nigeria"., Certainly, it is not going to be the same as it used to be. I have taken a stand on that, and I am prepared to drop tribal labels at the moment, but I know in my own mind what sort of thing I have in view for the federation. But I think it will be a great pity and tragedy and disservice to the memories of all those who have gone to disband Nigeria. And here we are not here to criticize anybody, I think it is generally agreed that some units have done more for the unity of Nigeria than others. The East certainly have not yielded first place to anyone in that regard. I would like you to consider that aspect very seriously".
-Chief Awolowo to General Ojukwu, Enugu, May 6, 1967
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Forum members are reminded that NaijaPolitics is established to be a moderated forum for gavel-to-gavel discussion of political developments in Nigeria, Africa's largest democracy. Freedom of opinion/expression is inherent in NaijaPolitics. Views and opposing views expressed in NaijaPolitics forum are the rights of individual contributors. Mutual respect for people's views is the corner stone of our forum. Freedom of speech applied responsibly within the guiding parameters of Yahoo! Inc (our hosts) and NaijaPolitics Rules and Guidelines (broadcast monthly and accessible to all subscribers in our archives) is our guiding principle. Everyone posting to this Forum bears the sole responsibility for any legal consequences of his or her postings, and hence statements and facts must be presented responsibly. Your continued membership signifies that you agree to this disclaimer and pledge to abide by our Rules and Guidelines.
NaijaPolitics is division of Afrik Network Groups.
Latest Version of Disclaimer released (December 15, 2005)
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