Prof. of History/African Studies, CCSU
africahistory.net; vimeo.com/ gloriaemeagwali
Recipient of the 2014 Distinguished Research
Excellence Award, Univ. of Texas at Austin;
2019 Distinguished Africanist Award
New York African Studies Association
Sent: Friday, January 28, 2022 1:41 PM
To: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com>
Subject: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Are coups back?
Please be cautious: **External Email**
kenneth harrow
professor emeritus
dept of english
michigan state university
harrow@msu.edu
Sent: Friday, January 28, 2022 1:25 PM
To: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com>
Subject: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Are coups back?
Ken:
Of course, there will be differences:
i. Economic scale, efficiency, and economic rationalization. If Nigeria had a diversified economy, it would cushion some of the serious impacts.
ii. Location of corruption—if you privatize it, as in the US model, you disguise it
iii. Absorptive level of corruption—if you have more resources, you can mask.
iv. Rationalization—your elite can rationalize practices, creating deceptive labels.
From: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Harrow, Kenneth <harrow@msu.edu>
Date: Friday, January 28, 2022 at 12:11 PM
To: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com>
Subject: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Are coups back?
toyin, if state capture is a global phenomenon, it is certainly worse in some places than others. zuma was the poster child for it in s africa, and i dare say, for all his warts, ramaphosa is considerably better than his corrupt predecessor.
if state capture is everywhere, and your example is wall street over main street, then i am not sure state capture is the right term. regardless, i called it global neoliberal capitalism, and remain convinced that the flow of power through global capitalist mechanisms is fundamentally in control and is fundamental to the inequalities that it has generated everywhere. it is perhaps worse here, say, in the US, than maybe norway or other places. but its ability to control mechanisms of trade, generating wealth for the few, is relatively universal.
that is no longer a simple question of autocracy vs democracy. i think of another state that is the poster child for military autocratic inequalities of wealth, and it is egypt. elections or no, the result is the army control of everything, with vast control of the wealth.
i wonder, without knowing, what are other egregious examples. zimbabwe? burundi? drc?
is it worse in equatorial guinea despite no elections? and what of myanmar, another great example of military rule=military ownership of all the wealth.
this is a problem, on worldwide scale. maybe all we can do is ask where it seems better, and how we should try to get there.
ken
kenneth harrow
professor emeritus
dept of english
michigan state university
harrow@msu.edu
From: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Toyin Falola <toyinfalola@austin.utexas.edu>
Sent: Friday, January 28, 2022 9:39 AM
To: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com>
Subject: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Are coups back?
Ken:
State capture is a global phenomenon, irrespective of the system. US is also a victim of state capture: Wall street dominates the Main street. In all political spaces, there are those who want to capture the state—the diesel merchants who don't want electricity to work; car manufacturers who don't want rail system to work; etc. One sells liquor to you and the other passes you on to the liver doctor.
TF
From: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Harrow, Kenneth <harrow@msu.edu>
Date: Friday, January 28, 2022 at 8:25 AM
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i don't disagree. democracy is hardly sacrosanct for me. what is closer to sacrosanct are people's rights, including the right to hold and voice an opinion as long as you don't hard others.
my argument is not around democracy per se at all, it is more around the economic system linked into world exchanges, i.e., the way capitalism today is functioning. the political systems that get erected are tied always to capital and who controls it.
if a military body takes control of the government anduses its power to take over the ownership of the major economic forces of the state, that is a form of govt that should be resisted. and yet it is happening throughout the world that neoliberal capitalism, under the auspices of globalization, has resulted in oligarchical control of wealth, at the expense of the workers, of ordinary people, and even of whole nations. the
the wealth flowing out of east congo fuels autocratic regimes or locally autocratic militaristic militias, and as a result in just the drc alone there are now 5 million internally displaced people, another million refugees, and perhaps 5-6 million people who died in the past 20 years.
the economic system is unjust, and it is the functionof govt to insure justice in society. if the injustice is sustained by a so-called democracy, but is not really such, like in rwanda, say, then it is a bad govt. the fault is not democracy, however, nor elections, but the abuse of democracy. if other systems were to lead to justice, all the better.
but here's what i think happens in today's world. if a leader who is generally regarded as decent comes to power by a coup, he can remainin power only with the support of the military, or with a complement of power brokers, and after time those supporters want their payback, their money.
that happened with habyarimana, and so many others. the exceptions, like sankora, are rare.
k
kenneth harrow
professor emeritus
dept of english
michigan state university
harrow@msu.edu
From: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Toyin Falola <toyinfalola@austin.utexas.edu>
Sent: Friday, January 28, 2022 6:25 AM
To: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com>
Subject: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Are coups back?
Moses is not legitimizing military rule. He is saying that democracy is not sacrosanct, and you cannot hang on to it without transformative deliverables.
You are an orisa man. The engagement between humans and orisa is plastic, underscored by the saying:
Orisa, if you cannot add to my blessings, leave me alone
Orisa, if you cannot alter my destiny for good, retain my essence as of the day I met you.
Then you go outside, take the orisa, and set it on fire.
You go inside and adopt another one.
The agency of choice, based on spiritual and material benefits.
TF
From: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Oluwatoyin Adepoju <ovdepoju@gmail.com>
Date: Friday, January 28, 2022 at 5:17 AM
To: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com>
Subject: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Are coups back?
Arguing that Buhari is worse than Abacha is problematic.
Buhari is evil but at least he is not remaining in power.
He is leaving next year.
The people who are likely to replace him are not likely to pursue his brazen alliance with terrorist movements.
For those people to come to power, Nigerians have to vote.
Thus, those people are working on convincing Nigerians to vote for them.
Abacha not only came to power through a coup, he was using assassination and other forms of terror in working towards succeeding himself in the form of a civilian ruler, causing all political parties to adopt him as their consensus Presidential be candidate, out of fear for their lives.
The climate of fear he imposed on the country was so horrible, people. particularly in Southern Nigeria, jubilated openly when he died mysteriously.
Our journey from the Nzegwu coup and later Murtala Muhammed and Danjuma coup, to various civilian govts, to IBB, to Abacha, to OBJ, to Yaradua,to GEJ, to Buhari has been a learning experience for us.
The Buhari era has played in a great role in breaking the myth of the mutuality of interests of the North and it's politicians, a myth central to Buhari's victory, a victory rooted in the "power must return to the North" mantra, fueling Boko Haram Islamic terrorism in the earlier phase of it's 2011 resurgence as a response to the then new GEJ govt and Boko Haram'sc tacit and at times open support from people in the Muslim North to the strange paradoxes of the Chibok saga enabled by the Borno state governor keeping such a rural school open against the orders of the fed govt.
The Northern populace are being hardest hit by the current combined Boko Haram and Fulani herdsmen/ Fulani militia/Fulani bandits terrorism crisis, long after they and even those in the South did not show significant sympathy for the recurrent bloodbaths engineered by the Fulani herdsmen and militia in the Middle Belt and later in the South.
The Middle Belt and the Northern populace now know that having a Northern Muslim President does not mean they are going to be better off. They will have a chance to express that awareness in the 2023 elections. Under Abacha, such options of choice did not exist.
I become worried when a journalist, like Sowore of Sahara Reporters did in the time of the desperate struggle to unseat GEJ, or as Moses is doing now, begin to legitimize military rule.
There is more to social management than feeding people. Social systems are holistic. Development, including political development, cannot be imposed but must develop organically.
The Chinese example of prosperity through dictatorship is problematic.
The govt holds on to power through sheer force of arms, brutal censorship, propaganda, stifling control of the political process and, in my view, equating material well being, which they are providing through a combination of state and private sector initiatives, with all that the citizens need.
Someone described that scenario as a time bomb, a pressure cooker waiting to explode.
The Saudi Arabian example of proserity through monarchical rule has it's own problems, operating in terms of a historical progression and socio/religious foundation perhaps impossible in Africa.
What I see as capable of moving the debate forward in Moses perspectives might be his argument for exploring varied forms of democracy, not upholding autocracy as good for Africans as long as it guarantees their material well being.
Thanks
Toyin
On Fri, Jan 28, 2022, 06:19 Oluwatoyin Adepoju <ovdepoju@gmail.com> wrote:
Africans are dying even more in the hands of non-democratic govts.
We've been there. Over and over again. The hope that the violent thief of power will be the messiah. It has not worked.
Democracy is a learning process, a process of adjustment.
Perhaps the Chinese model is being seen as something for Africa-delivering economic well being within a dictatorship. That has inbuilt limitations that assume the human being is all about their bellies and material satisfactions.
I am not able to see any significant alternatives to the democratic ideal
Toyin
On Fri, Jan 28, 2022, 02:47 Moses Ochonu <meochonu@gmail.com> wrote:
Africans don't have the time and luxury to wait for democracy to mature, whatever that means. They're dying in the hands of Mr. democracy and you're asking them to keep dying while democracy matures, whenever that is.
Sent from my iPhone
On Jan 27, 2022, at 3:18 PM, Harrow, Kenneth <harrow@msu.edu> wrote:
so here is another factor, on a par with people's need for food:
security.
let;s say: leadership, be it democratic or autocratic, military or civilian, must satisfy people's need for
--food
--safety
--self-realization, meaning freedom to express themselves.
the latter could be by a vote, or a voice in a ruling council, or its equivalent.
Burkina Faso is the latest country to experience a coup in a region where democracy had seemed entrenched.
kenneth harrow
professor emeritus
dept of english
michigan state university
From: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Harrow, Kenneth <harrow@msu.edu>
Sent: Thursday, January 27, 2022 8:09 AM
To: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com>
Subject: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Are coups back?
i made the same point in my posting on jan 25. i wrote:
to begin... i have two thoughts here:
1.all people on earth want self-rule.
maybe that is true, maybe not. i am guessing that people don't want to be ruled over but want to rule themselves, and to exercise rule fairly. i doubt anyone likes a rich fat cat to decide everything for them, while they suffer in poverty. maybe some people think this is natural and inevitable, but if they thought the rich person's wealth were at their expense, they would probably revolt, at least in spirit.
2.all people want a life. they want to be able to live and have a decent life, free from conflict war suffering and want. free to live well enough. that matters more than the type of govt.
moses, i have heard you make that argument before, and i think it is true, but not enough. #2 by itself isn't enough if you feel you are being cheated in life by unjust people who exercise power over you. there was the "bourgeois revolution" in france, after all, in 1830.
i'd add that this motivation (#2) doesn't necessarily enroll all the people.
the trumpists tried a coup on jan 6th, and trump tried to play on people's discontent, many with their jobs. but others opposed them. the people celebrating in the streets of ouaga might not represent all the burkinabe. one picture tells 1000 words, but what is the 1001st word?
ken
kenneth harrow
professor emeritus
dept of english
michigan state university
From: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Moses Ochonu <meochonu@gmail.com>
Sent: Wednesday, January 26, 2022 7:06 AM
To: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com>
Subject: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Are coups back?
"I cannot lay my hands on the document, but I was part of the conversation in Egypt that concluded that we cannot define democracy to exclude putting food on people's table. This was well circulated.
Any government that cannot deliver security, including food security, ensure poverty eradication, put the energy and skills of young men and women to productive use, is a failure, irrespective of what you call it."—Falola
I rest my case. That is the rational, self-interested and pragmatic position of Africans, which causes them to celebrate coups against civilian "democratic" governments and autocratic military and civilian governments, and at other times to enthusiastically fight for and participate in multiparty electoral democratic contests. On the surface the celebration of coups may appear as ignorance of democracy, as Toyin Adepoju claims, or even as a form of ignorant nihilism, but I would argue that it is a radical, pragmatic, existential political flexibility, which is at variance with the abstract, ideological, political commitments of Westerners, which leads them to a mindset of democracy for democracy's sake. Africans have no patience for democracy as its own reward, and they say rightly that if democracy (or any other type of governing technology for that matter) cannot give us peace, stability, food, and other basic needs, we have no use for it and must embrace something new no matter repugnant that something new is to the Western world, the international community, and ECOWAS/AU leaders. The West can and should learn from this pragmatic African political disposition and temper its ideological fanaticism and arrogant certitudes regarding democracy. But then again, as Gloria stated earlier, the West is not even as democratic as it claims and uses it merely as a rhetoric to accomplish its foreign policy goals in poor countries.
Sent from my iPhone
On Jan 26, 2022, at 5:18 AM, Toyin Falola <toyinfalola@austin.utexas.edu> wrote:
cannot lay my hands on the document, but I was part of the conversation in Egypt that concluded that we cannot define democracy to exclude putting food on people's table. This was well circulated.
Any government that cannot deliver security, including food security, ensure poverty eradication, put the energy and skills of young men and women to productive use, is a failure, irrespective of what you call it.
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