Monday, February 28, 2022
USA Africa Dialogue Series - Opinion | We Are All Living in Vladimir Putin’s World Now - The New York Times
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USA Africa Dialogue Series - Variables in the Ukraine-Russian Conflict
Prof. of History/African Studies, CCSU
africahistory.net; vimeo.com/ gloriaemeagwali
Recipient of the 2014 Distinguished Research
Excellence Award, Univ. of Texas at Austin;
2019 Distinguished Africanist Award
New York African Studies Association
USA Africa Dialogue Series - Zeleza: The Russian-Ukrainian Conflict
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Sunday, February 27, 2022
Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Re : Omicron
--With the admission of Robert Gallo and his acolytes that they mistakenly published LAV's picture as their purported newly discovered HTLV-III and the face-saving agreement between Presidents Reagan and Chirac to avert viral theft case filed in the court by France, other scientists began to look into Gallo's past strange viral discoveries. In 1975, Gallo announced that he had isolated the first human retrovirus from a leukaemia patient, HL23, and was prepared to discuss his findings at the annual virus cancer programme meeting in Hershey, Pennyslavania. In preparation for the meeting he had sent, in advance, some samples for independent examination. To Gallo's dismay, scientists found that his human retrovirus was no more than a laboratory contamination of not one, but three different monkey retroviruses, namely gibbon-ape virus, simian sarcoma virus and baboon endogenous virus (p.172, AIDS and the Doctors of Death by Dr Alan Cantwell jr., M.D.; p.38, Positively False - Exposing the Myths Around HIV and AIDS by Joan Shenton; and p.43, AIDS : The HIV Myth by JAD ADAMS). How did monkey retroviruses get into Gallo's laboratory, six years before GRID (AIDS) first appeared in the U.S.? If monkeys were already playing important role in Gallo's research in 1975, isn't strange that he should put the origin of his HTLV-I on African slaves and monkeys brought to the Japanese Islands of Kyushu and Shikoku by 16th century Portuguese adventurers?
On p. 1201-4 of Science, volume 228, June 7, 1985, Gallo's pals, M.D. Daniel, N.L. Letvin, P.J. Kanki, M. Essex et al. published a paper titled : Isolation of T-cell tropic HTLV-III-like retrovirus from Macaques. They reported : The isolation of a T-cell tropic retrovirus from three immunodeficient macaques and one macaque with lymphoma is described. The morphology, growth characteristics, and antigenic properties of this virus indicate that it is related to the causative agent of acquired immune deficiency syndrome in humans (HTLV-III or LAV). This virus is referred to as simian T-lymphotropic virus type III (STLV-III of macaques . . . Since placing the origin of HIV in Africa was the intention of Essex and colleagues, they realized that the Asian monkey like the macaque was against their dreamt target. Therefore, P.J. Kanki, J. Alroy and M. Essex got their paper published on p.951-4, in volume 230 issue of 22 November 1985 Science under the main title : Isolation of T-lymphotropic retrovirus related to HTLV-III/LAV from wild caught African green monkeys. In their desire to prove African origin of AIDS, Essex and colleagues wrote among other things : A disproportionate number of AIDS cases has been reported in Central Africa; some of these cases were observed prior to recognition of the disease in the United States or Europe. It has therefore been speculated that HTLV-III and AIDS originated in Central Africa. We therefore investigated the possibility that primates indigenous to Central Africa are carriers of an infectious virus serologically to HTLV-III/LAV. In a survey of a variety of African primate species we found a high prevalence of antibodies to STLV-III in healthy African Green Monkeys, (SLTV-III-agm). It is noteworthy that although the wild caught African green monkeys utilised by the researchers were said to have been from Kenya and Ethiopia respectively, they went on to conclude that AIDS originated in Central Africa which is geographically far from Kenya and Ethiopia. With the African green monkey's SLTV hypothesis, Essex, Gallo and their likes began to speculate on how the virus jumped species to infect Africans. When Gallo's appropriation of Montagnier's LAV which he renamed HTLV-III came to public knowledge, scientists in the U.S. and Europe began to look into previous discoveries announced by his associates especially the SLTV-III. If HTLV-III was a fake discovery, could the discovery of STLV-III (agm), which was thought to have jumped species in Central Africa to become HTLV-III, not be fake too?
Relying on the purported isolation of what they called STLV-III (agm) in November 1985 to place the origin of AIDS in Central Africa, the New Scientists of 15 October 1987, on p. 27, carried the headline : EVIDENCE FOR ORIGIN IS WEAK. On p.28 of January issue of Skin and Allergy News, the Headline read : HIV ORIGIN, "A CONTINUING MYSTERY"- GREEN MONKEY THEORY DISPUTED. In the Nature (a science journal), volume 331 of February 18, 1988, Carel Mulder on p. 562-563, debunking the STLV-IIIagm hypothesis wrote under the headline : A CASE OF MISTAKEN IDENTITY. In the same volume of Nature, Harry W. Kestler, Y. Li, Ronald Desrosiers et al on p. 619-621, titled their letter : COMPARISON OF SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS ISOLATES. Therein,they disclosed that Essex and Kanki's alleged African green monkey as precursor of the human AIDS virus was none other than the isolate of SIVmac251 obtained from an immunosuppressed rhesus macaque at the New England Regional Primate Research Center. It was SIVmac 251, bled in 1979, Essex and Kanki worked with and magically conjured to wild caught African green monkey. Wild macaque monkeys lacked the virus. In their own letter in the same volume of Nature simply titled : Reply to Kestler et al, M. Essex, P. Kanki et al, acknowledged that their wild caught African green monkey virus was mistakenkly switched by them to simian virus macaque 251, bled in 1979. Writing on page 32 of the New Scientist, February 25, 1988, Steve Connor sacastically titled his article : LABORATORY MIXED-UP SOLVES AIDS MYSTERY. Carel Mulder, Professor of Pharmacology, Molecular Genetics and Microbiolgy at the University of Massachusetts Medical School, bluntly titled his article in volume 333, June 2, 1988, on p.396 thus : HUMAN VIRUS NOT FROM MONKEYS. Categorically, he stated, "The fact that SIVagm sequence is so remarkably different from the human AIDS viruses indicates that the human viruses cannot have originated from African green monkeys . . ." Despite the fact that the hypothesis of virus from African green monkeys jumped species to infect Africans was put foward in 1985, it was not until 1988 that the hypothesis was exposed as a myth and a fraud. While for the sake of brevity, I cannot go through all the hypotheses that was put forward to place the origin of HIV/AIDS in Africa, I want to recall the claim of some U.S. virologists about how HIV infected humans in Africa already in 1959.
André Nahmias was an Egyptian born American professor of epidemiology and immunology at Emory University, Atlanta. He had inherited over a thousand of frozen plasmas collected by the U.S. seroarchiologists, professors Arno Motulsky and Moses Schanfield in Zaire (now Democratic Republic of Congo), Congo (Brazaville) South Africa, and Mozambique between 1959 and 1982. The purpose of collecting the blood, certainly without the approval of the persons concerned, was to study the genetics of the population of Congo and other African populations. In the era of HIV/AIDS, Nahmias contacted Essex and others to test the archived blood samples from 'Africa' in his possession. They tested 1,213 plasma samples of which they claimed one from 1959 repeatedly tested positive for antibodies to HIV. They claimed that the positive sample came from an individual (gender unknown) who resided in Leopoldville (now Kinshasa), in 1959. The sample was labelled Leopodville strain or L70 which is number 70 of the total 99 blood samples collected in Leopodville area in 1959. Therefore, in a letter to the Lancet, published on p. 1279-1280 of May 31, 1986, A. J. Nahmias, J. Weiss, X. Yao, F. Lee, R. Kodsi, M. Schanfield, T. Matthews, D. Bologniesi, D. Durack, A. Motulsky, P. Kanki and M. Essex it was titled : Evidence For Human Infection with an HTLV-III/LAV-like Virus in Central Africa, !959. According to Laurie Garrett, the existence of the 1959 blood sample, L70, was never independently confirmed as it was lost by American scientists. (p. 371 & 380, The Coming Plague, New Emerging Diseases in a World Out of Balance). Since the aim of Essex and colleagues was to establish that AIDS existed in Africa before the U.S., they supported their Lancet's publication with the claim that their findings had been confirmed by three other laboratories using different techniques. The three other laboratories referred to by Essex's group were already committed evangelists of African origin of HIV namely, Robert Gallo's lab in Bethesda, Dr C. Schable's lab at CDC and Abbot lab, the licensed producer of ELISA screening test for HIV. The mysterious L70 blood sample from Kinshasa conjured forth by Essex and colleagues, which no other scientists could verify its origin, was utilised to classify Africa as the den of HIV/AIDS by the entire Western world. Not even Sweden known for her solidarity with the underdeveloped world and sympathy for Africa could resist the American unproved fairy tale that HIV/AIDS was an African disease that spread to America and Europe.
In the Swedish National Encyclopaedia, volume one (Library Edition, 1989) the following is said to be facts about AIDS: Hitherto, the oldest blood sample that has been found which shows that the patient had AIDS, is from the Kinshasa region in Zaire (now Democratic Republic of Congo), in 1959. That can be an explanation as to why AIDS has gotten a special remarkable spread in several countries in central Africa (p. 126). The purpose of collecting blood in 1959 was for genetical study and the person to which the L70 (1959) belonged was unknown. According to Essex and colleagues in their Lancet publication, only one (nr.70) of the 99 collected blood samples in Zaire was possitive to HIV anti-body test and it could not be confirmed (since the donor of the sample was not known) if the presumed person that the blood that tested possitive to HIV anti-body belonged to ever developed AIDS. Viewed from those angles, the Swedish National Encyclopaedia's fact about an AIDS patient in Africa, 1959, was a fiction.
In 1991, the Rector of Karolinska Institute in Stocholm, Professor Hans Wigzell, published a book titled : Vårt Fantastiska Immmun Fösvar = Our Fantastic Immune Defence. Therein on p 114, Professor Wigzell put the origin of HIV in Africa thus : Examination of old blood samples showed that this virus (HIV) had not existed in the USA before 1970 and not in other European countries either, but perhaps it had been in Western West Africa already at the end of the 50s. Screening of the population in different countries which is still ungoing and therefore is partly unreliable, indicates that several million Africans are infected, above all then in Zaire and Central African Republic. Wigzell's idea that HIV, perhaps, had existed in West central Africa at the end of 1950s was culled from Essex and his group's Lancet publication of 31 May 1986. The learned professor knew at the time he wrote the book that Essex had admitted to presenting laboratory contaminant as simian virus he discovered in a wild caught African green monkeys after he had been proved wrong by other scientists. Yet, professor Wigzell took shelter under the hypothetical word perhaps to place the origin of HIV in West Central Africa already at the end of 1950s. Besides that, how can one reasonably conclude, as professor Wigzell did, that ''several million Africans are HIV-infected'' based on ongoing screenings that were, according to him, unreliable.
By 1992, volume 9 of the Swedish National Encyclopaedia was published and on HIV it was written : HIV has now spread around the whole world but the epedemics had its origin in Africa where HIV-I and HIV-II had been transmitted from monkeys in Central and Western parts of the continent. Six years earlier at the Second International Conference on AIDS in Paris, June 23-25, 1986, C. Rouzioux, C. Jaeger, F. Bun-Vezinet,et al, presented a report titled : Absence of Antibody to LAV/HTLV-III and STLV-III (mac) in Pygmies. They had combed the forests of Cameroon, Congo, and Central African Republic to look for Pygmies who are said to live in the jungle and hunt monkeys for food. They bled as much Pygmies as they wanted and screened their blood samples without finding any case of HIV-I or HIV-II infection. Besides the hypothesis of Gallo, Essex and colleagues, there has never been any scientific proof that HIV-I and HIV-II were transmitted to man in Africa. The hypothesis of monkey virus infecting humans in Africa was given a deadly by the Australian born Dr Rosalind J. Harrisson of Burton Hospital, Britain, when in 1997 she wrote, "It is easy to gain the impression that simian (monkey) retroviruses can readily infect humans, but evidence for this is minimal. The Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) that have been isolated from monkeys are, like all other retroviruses, species-specific, i.e. in nature no monkey retroviruses normally infect a human or indeed a different species of monkeys and there is no monkey reservoir for the HIV. Only laboratory chimpanzees have been reported to be successfully infected with HIV but they do not become ill. AIDS researchers have claimed that Africans inject themselves with monkey blood (as sexual stimulant) or give their children dead monkeys as toys . . . . and even for the minority of Africans who hunt and eat monkeys, the prospect for human infection with even a mutant strain of SIV WOULD BE VERY REMOTE. A far more efficient potential route for transmission of SIV to humans occurred not in AFRICA BUT IN EUROPE DURING THE 1920S. Thousands of European men underwent an operation that was believed to slow the ageing process and bring about rejuvenation(virility) The technique was pioneered by Dr Serge Voronof, a Russian working in Paris, and INVOLVED THE TRANSPLANTATION OF TESTICLES FROM LIVING CHIMPANZEES, MONKEYS AND OTHER SIMIAN SPECIES DIRECTLY ONTO THE TESTICLE OF THE HUMAN RECIPIENT. The procedure was so popular ... but however spurious the benefits of the operation, THERE WERE NO REPORTED ILL EFFECTS AND NO SUBSEQUENT EPIDEMIC OF AIDS." (P.46-48, Western Medicine As Contested Knowledge, edited by Andrew Cunningham and Bridie Andrews, Manchester University Press, 1997. In chapter 2 of the book, Dr Rosalind J. Harrison-Chimurita titled her contribution - AIDS from Africa : Western Science or Racist Mythology). In spite of counter evidence, Gallo, Essex and others backed by the U.S. government and big American pharmaceutical companies, continued to propagate not only for the African origin of HIV and AIDS but for millions of infected and dead Africans which governments in Africa are either ignorant of or unwilling to acknoledge. Naturally, Western Europe accepted and acted on the U.S. claim that Africa was the den of HIV and AIDS. (to be continued) S. Kadiri
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USA Africa Dialogue Series - Report: ICIJ Leak Exposes Ericsson’s Secret Dealings With ISIS Amid Iraq Corruption Spree
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USA Africa Dialogue Series - Sharing: Assent to the Electoral Amendment Act Bill 2022 in Nigerian Politics
An Opinion
Nigerian Politics
Assent to the Electoral Amendment Act Bill 2022
February 25, 2022
"A journey of a thousand miles starts with the first step–and thereafter one step after another."
A Paraphrased Chinese Proverb
I would like to join other scholars and political activists, who have spent years on end struggling with theories, modalities, and instrumentalities for promoting political stability and survival of the "Federal Republic of Nigeria," to congratulate the following:
The President
Nigerians
Civil society Organizations
The Legislature
Independent National Electoral commission (INEC)
The media
I watched on Channels Television News, Arise News 10, and TVC news the debates and developments leading to the signing of the Electoral Amendment Bill 2022. I even watched the signing ceremony on Channels Television news (thanks to the magic of modern technology). I hope and pray that in future ceremonies of this magnitude or importance that a few "subaltern" Nigerians would be invited to grace the occasion along with key members of the government. Afterall, ordinary Nigerians are those who elect our political actors–and in some instances sacrifice their lives in the process of doing so. Such a gesture, in my opinion, could further the political legitimacy of the regime and system.
In his brief comments before signing the bill, the president noted, among other things, that the Bill is progressive and could revolutionize Nigeria's electoral process and system by promoting transparency. Indeed, President Buhari said: "I see the great potentials of the Bill!"
Notwithstanding the president's assent to the Bill, however, he raised particular issue with respect to provision 84 (sub-section 12) of the Electoral Amendment Bill that states:
"No political appointee at any level shall be voting delegate or be voted for at the Convention or Congress of any political party for the purpose of the nomination of candidates for any election," runs ultra vires to the constitution or runs against the constitution. The President called on the Legislature to amend this provision of the Act.
Some of the political actors appointed and who could be affected by provision 84 (sub-section 12) are:
Ministers
Commissioners
Director Generals
MDA Officials
For example, the theory is that provision 84 (sub-section 12) of the Bill will prohibit the above appointees from using their privileges of public office to run elections, and that such prohibition will be conducive to the current democratic dispensation. The president did not see eye to eye with this view.
Some constitutional lawyers, however, argued during a debate on this matter that this provision does not "really contradict the constitution." They contend that Presidents Obasanjo and Jonathan applied this policy in the public or national interest of Nigeria.
Even so, to paraphrase Neil Amstrong, this assent to the Electoral Amendment Bill might be "one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind," in Nigeria's political development, "if adequately enacted."
Considering the temporary positive political development, I call on Nigerians, Civil Society organizations, Academics, the Media, et cetera, to be vigilant in the process of implementing the Electoral Act Amendment Bill 2022. I have seen splendid constitutional and human rights laws die due to clashing parochial interests of powerful political actors.
To further the current process, I would argue for the establishment of a political culture, around the spirit of this Bill, that could command national legitimacy and promote successful governing in Nigeria. I would also suggest that the government and the media immediately commence an information blitz to promote its political efficacy to all Nigerians.
To augment the preceding strategies, the major features of the Electoral Amendments Act Bill should be embedded in the curricula of our secondary and tertiary institutions and applied as part of an instrument for political socialization. This approach should be analogous to "civic studies" of antiquity.
In my view, Nigeria has come to a point in its political history in which democracy will survive if the spirit of nationalism or patriotism is ardently promoted amongst all citizens of Nigeria– especially by our politicians. I saw the ethos of patriotism displayed in the late 70s and early 80s, when the country was "saturated" with petrodollars.
The country has all that it takes to be great again. It only lacks transformational leaders to lead us to "the promised land." All things being equal, with the passage of the Electoral Amendment Act Bill, we now have an opportunity to elect nationalist and transformational leaders in 2023 who would once again make Nigeria the "Giant of Africa." This is the hope of Nigerians of my generation, and possibly the aspiration of our current political leaders!
Aluta Continua in Nigeria!
Ike Udogu
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USA Africa Dialogue Series - Re: Racism at Ukraine;s borders?
Great Mohamed:
Notice the use of "Europeans", as in Ukranians are not Afghan, not Iraqi. One of the miscalculations by Putin is to assume that Ukranians are like Africans, outside of History, in the margins. How many protested the attack on Libya by France and the US?
Notice, too, the ambiguous use of the word "people" framed as citizens in the center. To Putin, I want my people back. No, they are not Slavs, they are Europeans.
Only a few can understand the various codes.
From: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Mohamed Mbodj <Mohamed.Mbodj@mville.edu>
Date: Sunday, February 27, 2022 at 4:30 PM
To: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com>
Subject: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Racism at Ukraine;s borders?
This from The Independent
| www.independent.co.uk |
Mohamed Mbodj
Professor, History & Black Studies,
Division of Historical, Philosophical & Political Sciences
Manhattanville College
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USA Africa Dialogue Series - Racism at Ukraine;s borders?
| | 'It is obvious that we Africans are regarded as lower beings,' says Nze, forced to walk several hours to Polish border www.independent.co.uk |
Manhattanville College
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USA Africa Dialogue Series - TMZ on Racism at Ukraine's borders - To verify?
 | Multiple videos have surfaced online that appear to show Africans in Ukraine being denied access to trains fleeing the besieged country, sparking a conversation about racism even in a time of war ... www.tmz.com |
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Re: [External] Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - African scholars!
There's a proxy war going on with NATO and other Western European powers supplying weapons to Ukraine. What if those outside of Europe start supplying Russia?
In condemning Russia's invasion of Ukraine Professor Harrow has said it's an "abomination"(that loaded old King James Version of the Bible word that has such resonance in the English Language and continues to echo as the strongest possible term for moral condemnation in the eyes of God and man.)
Now that Baba Karadima has brought Russia's security concerns to Professor Harrow's attention, hopefully, we could be looking forward to Professor Harrow possibly revising or amending his critique/ criticism of the Russian incursion, although he is unhappy with comparisons with what have gone down in history before (such as God's destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah with brimstone and fire) and thinks that any comparisons (with e.g. the Bay of Pigs // the Bay of Pigs)
"diminish the critique of russia, which in the end diminishes the critique of colonial expansionism anywhere and anytime. "
That was Professor Harrow's Parthian shot at Professor Gloria Emeagwali in the ongoing love match between them
My question, I hope it is a loaded question:
Are Russia's security concerns vis-à-vis the expansion of the NATO Empire eastwards to the very borders of Russia "colonial expansionism"?
I understand that relatively speaking the American Military bases in Africa - in voluntary cooperation with the current governments is a different matter altogether
There is no end to the bad things the U.S. did, but because I picked my nose yesterday doesn't mean I can't get mad at your doing still worse today -Kenneth Harrow.
Kenneth, if you picked your nose yesterday and today you are still picking your nose, it will be hypocritical of you to get mad at another nose picker because you consider the person's nose picking worse than yours. Until you have stopped your own nose picking, you have neither moral nor legal right to get mad at any person even if the degree of nose picking of the person in question is relatively worse than yours.
The purpose of reading history, either as a hobby or profession, is not to forget its lessons when it is time for its practical application. As Henry Kissinger put it, "One of the most dificult challenges a nation confronts is to interpret correctly the lessons of its past. For the lessons of history, as of all experience, are contigent : they teach the consequences of certain actions, but they leave to each generation the task of determining which situations are comparable (p.16, Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy)." Cuba is a Sovereign State that permitted the then Soviet Union to erect a missile base in her territory, in 1962. When the U.S., through satelite photographs detected the missiles base, she ordered a naval blockade of the Island nation, Cuba, which does not even share land border with the U.S. The crisis was resolved when the Soviet Union agreed to dismantle the missiles base which the U.S. considered a threat to her existence. Now in 2022, the U.S. and her NATO allies intend to recruit Ukraine that shares land border with Russia into NATO and thereafter install missiles base there.
Yet, after the dissolution of Soviet Union, the Communist WASAW millitary alliance which was a counterforce to the Capitalist NATO military alliance was dissolved and the end of the cold war was not only proclaimed but also the beginning of peaceful coexistence amongst all mankind. Naturally, NATO military alliance should also have been dissolved just like WASAW military alliance too. A military alliance must predetermine its enemies and who are the enemies of NATO members? However, NATO military alliance did not only continue to exist but expanded to include former Communist countries such as Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic, Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, Slovania, Albania, Croatia, Montenegro and North Macedonia. It is an open fact that NATO missile base is in Poland, 107 kilometres to the Russian border.
On December 16, the United Nations tabled a resolution that called for "combating glorification of Nazism, neo-Nazism and other practices that contribute to fuelling contemporary racism." The resolution was carried by 130 votes to 2. The two countries that voted against the resolution were the U.S., and Ukraine. In his address to the Russian people on why he was sending expeditionary forces into Ukraine, Valdamir Putin said, "I am referring to the expansion of the NATO to the East, moving its military infrastructure closer to the Russian borders. It is well-known that for 30 years we have persistently tried to reach agreement with leading NATO countries on the principles of equal and inviolable security in Europe. ......, despite all our protests and concerns, NATO continued steadily to expand. The war machine is moving and, I repeat, it is coming close to our borders. .... Despite of all this, in December 2021, we once again made an attempt to agree with the United States and its allies on the principles of ensuring security in Europe and on the non-expansion of NATO. Everything was in vain." (excerpts culled from Aljazeera translation posted by Oluwatoyin Vincent Adepoju on this forum)
In order to know the contents of the agreement Russia tried to reach with the United States and her allies in December 2021, let us refer to the Green Left publication posted on this forum, 24 February 2022, by Cornelius Hamelberg. The requests of Russia are as follows : NATO guarantees that it will not deploy missiles in nations bordering Russia; NATO to stop military and naval exercises in nations and seas bordering Russia; Ukraine will not become a member of NATO; the West and Rusia to sign a binding East-West security pact; the landmark treaty between the U.S. and Russia covering itermediate-range nuclear weapons, which the US abandoned in 2019, to be restored. The U.S. and her NATO allies rejected the Russian requests on the ground that each sovereign state has the right to determine over her security and to enter into military alliance with any chosen country. This is where the lesson of history comes in. Cuba was a sovereign state that decided to allow Soviet Union to build missiles base in her territory, but the U.S. unilaterally ordered naval blockade of Cuba because U.S. considered the missiles in Cuba as a threat to the security of the U.S.A. Why is the U.S. led NATO countries granting Ukraine the same right they denied Cuba in 1962? Up till now the U.S. is still illegally occupying Guantánamo in Cuba against the wish of its government and the people. If the right of each nation to determine over its security is sacrosant, why is there so much noise about North Korea and Iran acquiring nuclear weapon?
What Kenneth Harrow failed to recognise in this Ukraine war is that from our experience the freedom and democratic rights proclaimed by the leading carnivores in the jungle have always ended in their prey on the vegetarian mammals on which carnivores feed. All appeals by the vegetarian mammals to the carnivores to stop killing and eating fellow animals have always been rebuffed as communism, socialism and autocracy by the carnivores. If the U.S. and her NATO military allies had agreed not to admit Ukraine as a member and not to place missiles in that country or if the leadership in Ukraine had signed an agreement with Russia never to become a member of NATO and never to allow NATO military alliance to place missiles in Ukraine, war would have been averted. If NATO military alliance does not consider Russia as an enemy why do they need to place nuclear missiles in a neighbouring country, directed at her?S. Kadiri
From: 'Emeagwali, Gloria (History)' via USA Africa Dialogue Series <usaafric...@googlegroups.com>
Sent: 25 February 2022 00:12
To: Harrow, Kenneth <har...@msu.edu>; usaafric...@googlegroups.com <usaafric...@googlegroups.com>
Subject: Re: [External] Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - African scholars!"if i were to look for a parallel,it would be germany marchinginto czechoslovakia and poland,with the rhetoric of savinggermans. the same fascist ruler whoused "power past power,"as saro-wiwa saw it."
This is a better approach. Give yourexamples. Don't speak for others.Most of us on this list areexperienced researchers.Let scholars collect a thousandinsights from various perspectiveson the subject.Those who feel itknow it, too. We would liketo hear from commentatorson South America and SoutheastAsia, too.
It is arrogant and presumptuous toassume that any reference to anotherhistorical incident of invasion has tofit into your mode of thinking. It isinsensitive of you to dismiss thepain of all regions, but your chosenareas of focus. To conclude thatreference to this or that historicalincident is automatically intendedto relativize, is an unproven,unfounded assumption.
Professor Gloria Emeagwali
Prof. of History/African Studies, CCSU
africahistory.net; vimeo.com/ gloriaemeagwali
Recipient of the 2014 Distinguished Research
Excellence Award, Univ. of Texas at Austin;
2019 Distinguished Africanist Award
New York African Studies Association
From: Harrow, Kenneth <har...@msu.edu>
Sent: Thursday, February 24, 2022 4:52 PM
To: Emeagwali, Gloria (History) <emea...@ccsu.edu>; usaafric...@googlegroups.com <usaafric...@googlegroups.com>
Subject: Re: [External] Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - African scholars!Please be cautious: **External Email**
gloria, i shouldn't speak unless i welcome being criticized. a "paternalist" is a funny term to use for me, but if you know me well enough, you can use it. i think you need to talk to my grandkids first, however.
this issue of raising comparisons now interests me doubly. first, the invasion of ukraine by its powerful neighbor is an abomination. for me the parallels are more colonial and imperial. did other countries, or the u.s., not act this way in one or another point in history? of course. raising that point is a diversion from the question of ukraine, and it is being done today over and over on the web. i am sorry to see that. if i were to look for a parallel, it would be germany marching into czechoslovakia and poland, with the rhetoric of saving germans. the same fascist ruler who used "power past power," as saro-wiwa saw it.let the ills of other countries be enumerated whenever you want, but not to "relativize" and thus diminish the critique of russia, which in the end diminishes the critique of colonial expansionism anywhere and anytime.ken
kenneth harrow
professor emeritus
dept of english
michigan state university
From: Emeagwali, Gloria (History) <emea...@ccsu.edu>
Sent: Thursday, February 24, 2022 4:31 PM
To: Harrow, Kenneth <har...@msu.edu>; usaafric...@googlegroups.com <usaafric...@googlegroups.com>
Subject: Re: [External] Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - African scholars!There you go again, Ken, tryingto muzzle voices and suppresshistorical information. Assensoh'sreference to Grenada was quitein order, and I thank him for that.
I also reflected on the HawaiianKingdom, having just comeacross a few well documenteddiscussions on the subject.In fact I am embarrassed torealize how long this case wasunknown by me, and justlearnt a few new facts aboutthe human rights violationof its last queen. You area real authentic non- partisanspecialist and advocate ofhuman rights, aren't you?
We can even add Libya, Iraq anddozens more, to Grenadaand Hawaii- each relevant tosome aspect of super powerconflict and conflict resolution.
I am actually wrapping my headaround the interconnectionswith Serbia, 1914, as well.I teach World History in additionto African History, so mythinking is multidimensionalover time and space, andcomparative, in methodology.
As a historian I take pride increating awareness andcriticizing all sides, at my ownpace. Grenada was wrong and sotoo Hawaii and Ukraine,Iraq, Libya etc.They each haveunique circumstances, andcan be categorized accordingto a long list of variables.
What's the purpose of airing them?
For the same reason that we studyhistory and politics, Ken - topromote knowledge productionand knowledge sharing,understanding and historicalawareness, in a local, regionaland global context.
I suppose that as a diehardpaternalist, you have the urgeto speak on behalf of yourmentees, juniors and subordinates.
I am not one of them, andnever will be.
Professor Gloria Emeagwali
Prof. of History/African Studies, CCSU
africahistory.net; vimeo.com/ gloriaemeagwali
Recipient of the 2014 Distinguished Research
Excellence Award, Univ. of Texas at Austin;
2019 Distinguished Africanist Award
New York African Studies Association
From: usaafric...@googlegroups.com <usaafric...@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Harrow, Kenneth <har...@msu.edu>
Sent: Thursday, February 24, 2022 12:09 PM
To: usaafric...@googlegroups.com <usaafric...@googlegroups.com>
Subject: Re: [External] Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - African scholars!Please be cautious: **External Email**
these are weak or false equivalencies. what's the purpose of airing them? there is no end to the bad things the u.s. did, but because i picked my nose yesterday doesn't mean i can't get mad at your doing still worse today.
what is the logic of this for a progressive? we need to feel free, as intellectuals, to criticize the bad things we see, to lend our voices to cry out against them. if my country's past, or even present, were bad, if it acted in the wrong, what does that have to do with us crying out? failing to do so legitimizes historical evils, over and over, anywhereken
kenneth harrow
professor emeritus
dept of english
michigan state university
From: 'Emeagwali, Gloria (History)' via USA Africa Dialogue Series <usaafric...@googlegroups.com>
Sent: Thursday, February 24, 2022 8:58 AM
To: Victor Okafor <vok...@emich.edu>; usaafric...@googlegroups.com <usaafric...@googlegroups.com>
Cc: Toyin Falola <toyin...@austin.utexas.edu>; Serges Alain Djoyou Kamga <serges...@gmail.com>; Damien Ejigiri <deji...@yahoo.com>; Onyumbe Lukongo <onyumbe...@subr.edu>; kes...@yahoo.com <kes...@yahoo.com>; afaug...@yahoo.com <afaug...@yahoo.com>; Ucheoma Nwagbara <unwa...@yahoo.com>; Teaway Collins <teawa...@yahoo.com>; doy...@gmail.com <doy...@gmail.com>; noahk...@gmail.com <noahk...@gmail.com>; Thomas Ford <tmfo...@yahoo.com>; Godwin Ohiwerei <drohi...@gmail.com>; rig...@yahoo.com <rig...@yahoo.com>; Afoaku, Osita <osaf...@indiana.edu>; Nana AB <aben...@gmail.com>; dsm...@dillard.edu <dsm...@dillard.edu>
Subject: Re: [External] Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - African scholars!Grenada is a great reference.Iremember, too, what the US didto the Kingdom of Hawaii, startof the 20th century.
the-truth-behind-the-illegal-overthrow-of-the-hawaiian-kingdom/
Professor Gloria Emeagwali
Prof. of History/African Studies, CCSU
africahistory.net; vimeo.com/ gloriaemeagwali
Recipient of the 2014 Distinguished Research
Excellence Award, Univ. of Texas at Austin;
2019 Distinguished Africanist Award
New York African Studies Association
From: usaafric...@googlegroups.com <usaafric...@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Victor Okafor <vok...@emich.edu>
Sent: Wednesday, February 23, 2022 4:50 PM
To: usaafric...@googlegroups.com <usaafric...@googlegroups.com>
Cc: Toyin Falola <toyin...@austin.utexas.edu>; Serges Alain Djoyou Kamga <serges...@gmail.com>; Damien Ejigiri <deji...@yahoo.com>; Onyumbe Lukongo <onyumbe...@subr.edu>; kes...@yahoo.com <kes...@yahoo.com>; afaug...@yahoo.com <afaug...@yahoo.com>; Ucheoma Nwagbara <unwa...@yahoo.com>; Teaway Collins <teawa...@yahoo.com>; doy...@gmail.com <doy...@gmail.com>; noahk...@gmail.com <noahk...@gmail.com>; Thomas Ford <tmfo...@yahoo.com>; Godwin Ohiwerei <drohi...@gmail.com>; rig...@yahoo.com <rig...@yahoo.com>; Afoaku, Osita <osaf...@indiana.edu>; Nana AB <aben...@gmail.com>; dsm...@dillard.edu <dsm...@dillard.edu>
Subject: Re: [External] Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - African scholars!Please be cautious: **External Email**
Brother Assensoh:What specifically ignited my response was TF's clarion call: "Develop your theories—don't let others impose their theories upon you."
On Wed, Feb 23, 2022 at 2:59 PM Assensoh, Akwasi B. <aass...@indiana.edu> wrote:
Brother Victor:
You are correct that when the Igbo abuse the Yoruba, and vice versa, it is all in the family. Therefore, the scenario falls under "Afrocentric articulation"!
SIR Toyin wrote that his coffee almost fell when "one person said the US intervention was for good." Well, my cup of tea fell when I opened a parcel yesterday, which contained another tome, Decolonizing African Studies: Knowledge Production, Agency, And Voice by Toyin Falola: published by Rochester University Press, at i-xii; 6678 pages! I remembered his recent Cambridge University tome on Nigeria, which had a cover showing a poor Nigerian (a "Hausa man"?) carrying the heavy map of Nigeria on his shoulder, all by himself!!
Well, what is happening to Ukraine, like a soccer ball being kicked from left and right, is sad! I remember what Mr. Ronald Reagan's armed forces did in 1983 to Grenada; and what happened to the lawful Prime Minister Maurice Bishop (1944-1983)? Is that a replay in Ukraine? When i think of it, my cup of tea will fall again, again, and again!!!
A.B. Assensoh.
------
Rev. A.B. Assensoh, LL.M., PH.D.,
Co-Book Review Editor, African & Asian Studies Journal,
Professor Emeritus (Indiana University),
Courtesy Professor Emeritus (University of Oregon),
Department of History,
McKenzie Hall (2nd Floor), University of Oregon,
Eugene, OR 97403, U.S.A.
Telephone: (541) 953-7710
Fax: (541) 346-6576
From: usaafric...@googlegroups.com <usaafric...@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Victor Okafor <vok...@emich.edu>
Sent: Wednesday, February 23, 2022 7:02 AM
To: usaafric...@googlegroups.com <usaafric...@googlegroups.com>
Cc: Serges Alain Djoyou Kamga <serges...@gmail.com>
Subject: [External] Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - African scholars!This message was sent from a non-IU address. Please exercise caution when clicking links or opening attachments from external sources.
TF:That's an Afrocentric articulation. Nice job!
On Wed, Feb 23, 2022 at 8:18 AM Toyin Falola <toyin...@austin.utexas.edu> wrote:
The most disturbing to me in the Ukraine matter is not the US media and their scholars who are embedded in the empire project. They are all in one room, one brain, CNN, the professors, and the White House.
The most disturbing to me are African commentators on Ukraine.
So your continent was conquered, but they don't understand how imperialism works.
You are ethnically divided, but you only understand Biafra and don't see Biafra in other places. You clap for Biya when he destroys Western Cameroon, and praises the West when he undermines the projects of minorities.
You suffered from the Cold War but you don't understand it when it unfolds in other places. You don't see Ukraine as a proxy project.
You were pawns by superpowers but you don't understand it when you see it in others.
You complain about ethnicity but you don't apply it to other places.
You insult Lagos, but you don't see dirty Peckham in London and slums in North of Paris
When Israel acts, you see them as the "Chosen People" but when Ethiopia acts, they are devils.
You see secessionist movements in your continent but you cannot relate it to other places.
You understand the Fulani herdsmen, but you cannot convert it to a global theory.
The French occupied your continent, but today you can clap for Macron in Ukraine over Putin. You don't see that Putin and Macron are the same!
Illicit flow of wealth from Africa is now $85 billion a year, but you cannot relate it to your conditions and destructions.
US and Belgium destroyed Lumumba and Congo, but you cannot apply this to other issues.
They abused Muslims as the greatest terrorists in the world but you don't see Europeans as terrorists, etc.
One person told me yesterday that US intervention is for good. My cup of coffee almost fell. US does not allow regional solutions to crises, including in the current one. You cannot go to El-Paso on the Mexican border and locate your missiles there directed at the US. Nuclear submarine near China you see it as the protection of global capitalism.
They are asking you not to teach critical theory but every day in private, the Igbo abuse the Yoruba, the Yoruba abuse the Igbo, and they all abuse the Fulani. You see racism in the US, but you don't see it in Morocco.
Develop your theories—don't let others impose their theories upon you.
TF
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Victor O. Okafor, Ph.D.Professor and HeadDepartment of Africology and African American StudiesEastern Michigan UniversityEmail: vok...@emich.edu
Tel: 734.487.9594
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Sincerely,
Victor O. Okafor, Ph.D.Professor and HeadDepartment of Africology and African American StudiesEastern Michigan UniversityEmail: vok...@emich.edu
Tel: 734.487.9594
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