CONCEPTS /DEFINITIONS
Total Labour Force is made up of all persons aged 15 – 64 years excluding students, homekeepers, retired persons and stay-at-home parents, and persons unable to work or not interested in work.
Unemployment Rate is defined as the proportion of Labour Force who were available for work
but did not work in the week preceding the survey period for at least 39 hours.
Table 1: National Unemployment Rates (2000 - 2009)
| Year | Rates |
| 2000 | 13.1 |
| 2001 | 13.6 |
| 2002 | 12.6 |
| 2003 | 14.8 |
| 2004 | 13.4 |
| 2005 | 11.9 |
| 2006 | 12.3 |
| 2007 | 12.7 |
| 2008 | 14.9 |
| 2009 | 19.7 |
Table 2: Unemployment Rates in Nigeria by State, March 2009
| S/N | State | % Unemployment (in declining order) |
| 1 | Bayelsa | 38.4 |
| 2 | Katsina State, | 37.3 |
| 3 | Bauchi | 37.2 |
| 4 | Akwa Ibom State | 34.1 |
| 5 | Gombe State | 32.1 |
| 6 | Adamawa State | 29.4 |
| 7 | Rivers | 27.9 |
| 8 | Borno | 27.7 |
| 9 | Kano | 27.6 |
| 10 | Yobe | 27.3 |
| 11 | Taraba | 26.8 |
| 12 | Jigawa | 26.5 |
| 13 | Sokoto | 22.4 |
| 14 | FCT | 21.5 |
| 15 | Imo | 20.8 |
| 16 | Ekiti | 20.6 |
|
| Nigeria | 19.7 |
| 17 | Lagos | 19.5 |
| 18 | Kogi | 19.0 |
| 19 | Delta | 18.4 |
| 20 | Anambra | 16.8 |
| 21 | Enugu | 14.9 |
| 22 | Ondo | 14.9 |
| 23 | Oyo | 14.9 |
| 24 | Abia | 14.5 |
| 25 | Cross-River | 14.3 |
| 26 | Zamfara | 13.3 |
| 27 | Osun | 12.6 |
| 28 | Edo | 12.2 |
| 29 | Ebonyi | 12.0 |
| 30 | Kebbi | 12.0 |
| 31 | Niger | 11.93 |
| 32 | Kaduna | 11.6 |
| 33 | Kwara | 11.0 |
| 34 | Nassarawa | 10.1 |
| 35 | Benue | 8.5 |
| 36 | Ogun | 8.5 |
| 37 | Plateau | 7.1 |
Table 3: Unemployment Rates by Educational Group, Age Group and Gender
(March 2009)
| ITEMS | Urban | Rural | Composite |
| All Groups | 19.2 | 19.8 | 19.7 |
| Educational Level |
|
|
|
| Never Attended | 20.6 | 20 | 20.1 |
| Below primary | 18.4 | 22.9 | 22.3 |
| Primary | 15.1 | 14.7 | 14.8 |
| Secondary | 21.4 | 25.3 | 23.8 |
| Post secondary | 13.9 | 26.4 | 21.3 |
| Age Group |
|
|
|
| 15-24 | 49.9 | 39.6 | 41.6 |
| 25-44 | 16.3 | 17.3 | 17 |
| 45-59 | 10 | 12.1 | 11.5 |
| 60-64 | 18.2 | 16.2 | 16.7 |
| Gender |
|
|
|
| Male | 17.2 | 16.9 | 17 |
| Female | 21.7 | 23.9 | 23.3 |
Table 4: Distribution of Unemployed Persons by Educational Level, Age Group and
Gender, March 2009
|
| ILO | Nigeria | ||||
| Educational Level | Urban | Rural | Composite | Urban | Rural | Composite |
| Never Attended | 0.0 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 3.2 | 2.5 |
| Primary | 5.7 | 13.9 | 11.0 | 20.4 | 37.3 | 32.7 |
| JSS | 1.8 | 4.1 | 3.3 | 5.0 | 8.1 | 7.2 |
| Vocational /Commercial | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| SSS | 43.7 | 62.1 | 55.6 | 37.2 | 39.2 | 38.7 |
| NCE/OND/Nursing | 16.1 | 6.9 | 10.2 | 15.1 | 5.7 | 8.3 |
| B.A/B.Sc/B.ED/HND | 32.0 | 11.6 | 18.8 | 19.1 | 5.1 | 8.9 |
| M.Sc/M.A/M.Adm | 0.5 | 0. | 0.5 | 1.5 | 0.1 | 0.5 |
| Doctorate | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 |
| Others | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.9 | 1.2 | 1.1 |
| Age Group |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 15-24 | 39.0 | 50.8 | 46.7 | 28.9 | 32.8 | 32.0 |
| 25-44 | 54.8 | 43.6 | 47.4 | 53.0 | 46.0 | 47.5 |
| 45-59 | 4.8 | 4.3 | 4.5 | 14.5 | 16.5 | 16.1 |
| 60-64 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.3 | 3.6 | 4.6 | 4.4 |
| Gender |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Male | 50.4 | 57.4 | 55.0 | 48.4 | 52.9 | 51.9 |
| Female | 49.6 | 42.6 | 45.0 | 51.6 | 47.1 | 48.1 |
| All | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
UNEMPLOYMENT rates in 16 states, including the Federal Capital Territory, are higher than the 19.7 per cent national average, the National Bureau of Statistics has said.
Bayelsa State has the highest composite unemployment rate of 38.4 per cent, followed by Katsina State, whose rate stands at 37.3 per cent, according to a survey recently concluded by the NBS.
The Statistician-General, NBS, Dr. Vincent Akinyosoye, disclosed these in a paper on "The Phenomenon of Economic Growth Without Job Creation: Evidence from Nigeria", obtained exclusively by our correspondent on Monday.
He said the annual collaborative surveys on socio-economic activities, jointly conducted by the NBS, Central Bank of Nigeria and the Nigerian Communications Commission provided the results of the annual Labour Force Survey.
Other states with higher-than-average unemployment rates, according to the survey, are Bauchi State (37.2 per cent), Akwa Ibom State (34.1 per cent), Gombe State (32.1 per cent), Adamawa State (29.4 per cent), Rivers State (27.9 per cent), Borno State (27.7 per cent) and Kano State (27.6 per cent).
Yobe, Taraba, Jigawa, Sokoto, Imo and Ekiti states' unemployment rates stood at 27.3 per cent, 26.8 per cent, 26.5 per cent, 24.4 per cent, 20.8 per cent and 20.6 per cent, respectively, in the review period.
The FCT also recorded an unemployment rate of 21.5 per cent.
"On a general note, the fact that Nigeria is experiencing economic growth with high incidence of unemployment indicates some major dislocations in its socio-economic system," it said.
The bureau noted that unemployment rates in oil producing states like Bayelsa, Akwa Ibom and Rivers were higher than the national average because "the oil industry that dominates economic activities in those areas is a capital-intensive industry that has very limited space for unskilled labour, which is abundant in the affected states."
It said, "Again, unemployed persons tend to migrate to the oil producing states, thereby, increasing the job queues in these areas.
"The ease with which able-bodied persons in the oil producing areas derive benefits from illegal oil bunkering and other unwholesome activities also makes the urge to look for paid employment very low. Nevertheless, they declared themselves 'unemployed' when asked about their job status."
The NBS report also said that states, which generated high economic activities, without corresponding employment opportunities, experienced higher unemployment rates than neighbouring states with smaller economies.
"This may explain why Lagos State, from the survey, had an unemployment rate of 19.5 per cent in 2009 as against neighbouring Ogun State with a lower figure of 8.5 per cent," it said.
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