Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Jos bombings: Can we for once be truthful?

Farooq, you have said it all jare. Only you can take such a delicate issue and give it such a masterful and courageous treatment. In the name of political correctness and the protection of the image of "our" religion and "our" constituency, everyone is busy placing blame on vague, ill-defined entities--just so they would avoid having to acknowledge and confront our growing problem of Islamist extremism and its terrorist offshoots.

Those of us who lived a North for an extended period of time noticed the trend towards radicalization, hate, and violent extremism. Some of what we heard over public TV and radio outlets in the name of Islamic preaching alarmed us. These were cringe-inducing hateful incitement being disseminated as methods of achieving Islamic piety and currying God's favor. Some of the sermons preached at the numerous private mosques that one overheard from outside loud speakers were even more blood-cuddling. And that was what was being preached publicly (or semi-publicly), not what was being preached in the confines of more discrete mosques and in more clandestine Islamic venues. What is really disheartening is that the objects of this religious hate are not the distant Western "Christian" imperialists that are the staple of Islamists' angst but proximate non-Muslim compatriots--fellow Africans that are often targeted to make a point about devotion to a religion that is an import into the continent. It is sad to see a warped sense of religious piety trump African racial and Nigerian solidarity to the point of victimizing non-practicing neighbors.

We witnessed the gradual influx of Wahabbi money and influence over the Islamic clerical cadre in Northern Nigeria beginning perhaps with Sheikh Abubakar's Gumi's high profile return from his long training in Saudi Arabia in the mid 1980s. He brought explicitly political and and an intolerant, Wahabbi-inspired form of Islamic practice to Northern Nigeria (Maitatsine was a homegrown, intolerant, Ludite personality cult that thrived on ignorance as opposed to Wahabbism, which is a deliberate, highly educated and developed Islamic ideology). Since then, we have watched as the Saudi Wahabbi model of political and intolerant Islam became the dominant interpretive strain among the Northern Nigerian Islamic clerical fraternity, overshadowing more tolerant, less political Islamic traditions rooted in Islamic brotherhoods like the Tijanniya and Quadiriyya. The road from this transformation to Abdulmutallab (the underwear bomber) and Boko Haram has led through the systematic and well-funded mainstreaming of Wahabbi political Islam in Northern Nigeria. Boko Haram is a predictable culmination.

When we read that Boko Haram members were trying to build bombs and that some bombs exploded and killed some of them in their safe house sometime in 2009, we knew that it was only a matter of time before they graduated from machetes and rifles to bombs---that it was a matter of time before they perfected the art of improvised bombing.

This scourge will abate only when Muslim authorities, elites, and commentators stop pandering to and exonerating the extremists and start writing against their perverted view of Islam while taking concrete actions to regulate and curtail their ideology from spreading and infecting Northern Nigeria's ignorant, poor, and impressionable Muslim youths. Northern Nigeria has a lethal mix of ignorance, poverty, and the influx of hateful foreign religious ideologies that are then tailored to local sociological and political circumstances. It is a perfect recipe for getting sucked into the vortex of the global nihilist Jihadist movement. We have enough problems in Nigeria already. We don't need that. In my opinion, Islamist terrorism presents an even bigger challenge than does militancy in the Niger Delta because while it is clear that the insurgents in the Niger Delta can be placated with money, patronage and projects, the Islamists (Boko Haram and others) are virtually implacable because they seek to actualize their vision of an Islamic society and believe the secular institutions of society as a whole to be flawed and deserving of overthrow. They also believe to be doing this for God and are quite happy to die doing it.

 

As for deniers like the Sultan of Sokoto who are quick to recycle the lazy default explanation of politics and poverty, they need to wake up and smell the terror.

 

That Boko Haram claimed the Jos bombings should not surprise anyone as global jihad groups like Al-Qaeda have repeatedly mentioned Nigeria as a fertile ground for Jihad. In the wake of the wave of clashes in Jos last year, Al-Jazeera's coverage, echoing violent Jihadist groups, cast Jos as center of Jihad. Several foreign Islamist groups urged fighters and militants to "assist the brothers" in Jos to defeat "Christian imperialists," among other incendiary rhetoric. Keen observers knew that it was only a matter of time before Jos was tragically introduced into the international (North Africa/Arab) jihadist network. It is unfolding. We can deny it all we want, but Boko Haram, once written off as a rag tag army of ignorant, ill-bred Muslims, has become a sophisticated terror machine, acquiring inspiration, weapons, and training from more established Jihadist groups.

Yet, the Sultan, Muslim leaders, elites, and commentators are playing their usual game of escapism. For them it's more important to defend or deflect culpability from their extremist Muslim brothers than to unequivocally condemn their actions.

The case of the Sultan is particularly tragic since Northern Nigerian Islam is gradually disintegrating into Taliban-like violent intolerance under his watch while he's busy blaming politicians and politics. At this rate, he may end up having the dubious distinction of the Sultan under whom Northern Nigerian Islam was hijacked by violent extremists. What is happening in Pakistan (where the mainstream Muslims are now held captive by the extremists) should be a warning to the Sultan. If he does not use his authority to take drastic actions against the influx of extremist Muslim ideology and money from Wahabbi bastions in the Middle East and Shiite extremist locales like Iran, he may be the last Sultan as the extremists may, in their usual fashion, come for moderates like him when they run out of vulnerable non-Muslim targets. Pakistan and Afghanistan are good examples of what unbridled Islamic extremism, ignorance, hate, and poverty can do to a country.

The rise of Wahabbism and an intolerant violence-endorsing political Islam in Nigeria is real. We deny it at our own peril. And the extremists will always find an excuse for Jihad and a fecund recruiting field if the Muslims--moderate Muslims and leaders--do not stop them.

On Sat, Jan 1, 2011 at 7:54 PM, Farooq A. Kperogi <farooqkperogi@gmail.com> wrote:

Saturday, January 1, 2011

Jos bombings: Can we for once be truthful?

By Farooq A. Kperogi

A monstrous mass murder of innocent souls has occurred in Jos again and we are, as always, being insulted with unimaginative, flyblown, and soporific platitudes by our political, media, and clerical elites. Almost every prominent Nigerian who has commented on this heartless, high-tech mass slaughter has mouthed one of three predictably ready-made bromides: oh, this is all about politics, not religion; it's a failure of security and leadership; and it's the consequence of poverty.

This is the safe, standard, prepackaged rhetorical frippery that our elites effortlessly regurgitate whenever violent communal convulsions erupt in any part of the country.  But this is getting insufferably trite. If the hypocrisy or intellectual laziness that actuates these thoughtless, simplistic sound bites didn't have far-reaching consequences for our continued existence as a nation and, in fact, our very survival as a people, one would simply yawn in silence and ignore them.

But it so often happens that after these hypocritical, clichéd phrases are uttered, the nation will be anesthetized into a false sense of security and normalcy, the culprits will never be ferreted out much less punished, and everybody will go to sleep—until the next upheaval recrudesces and jolts us all out of our pigheaded complacence.

A scene from the bombings in Jos

And then the predictably mind-numbing, mealy-mouthed banalities will be invoked again by the elites to explain away what happened, and so on and so forth. This rhetorical formula is safe because it absolves people in political and cultural authority from the triple burdens of thinking, confronting uncomfortable truths, and taking action. That's why politicians are often ironically the first to blame "politicians" for the episodic fits violence that now habitually punctuate our national life. Well, "politician" is a floating signifier that encapsulates everybody in politics, and what refers to everybody, as they say, refers to nobody. Case closed.

To be sure, political manipulation, inept security and leadership, and poverty are all deeply implicated in the perpetual cycle of violence and recriminations that have become fixtures in our socio-political landscape. But a murderous pervasion of religious doctrines and violent, unthinking ethnic particularism are even greater culprits. People who are brainwashed into believing that those who don't share their faith deserve to be murdered, or people who are so wedded to their ethnicity that they lack the capacity to tolerate others, are just as dangerous and as culpable—if not more so— as the politicians who "manipulate" them.

 Poverty, in and of itself, does not predispose people to violence. There are much poorer countries in Africa than Nigeria that are remarkably peaceful. Take, for an example, Benin Republic, our western neighbor. Or Senegal, an over-90-percent Muslim country that elected a Roman Catholic as its first president. And, of course, security lapses become an issue only in societies that have a predisposition to senseless, unprovoked violence, such as ours.

Now, a group which calls itself Jama'atu Ahlus Sunnah Lid Da'awati Wal Jihad hasclaimed responsibility for the deadly bombs in Jos. It also claims to have perpetrated its savage murder of innocents, some of whom may in fact be Muslims, on behalf of Muslims and Islam. But the preponderance of reactions to this unsettling revelation among our Muslim leaders and commentators, including security agencies, has been to impulsively dismiss the group's claim even when they have no contrary evidence—much like Goodluck Jonathan and his minions unthinkingly exculpated the Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta (MEND) of responsibility for the October 1 terrorist attacks even when the group actually claimed responsibility for the attacks. Same attitude, different personalities. That is the Nigerian story.

One uncomfortable fact that our elites in northern Nigerian have been shy to confront meaningfully and fearlessly is that we do have a worryingly enervating crisis of noxious religious literalism. By religious literalism I mean lazy, literal, and de-contextualized reading of religious texts, which current Central Bank governor Sanusi Lamido Sanusi almost singlehandedly fought for several years in newspaper articles when he was an ordinary banker. I've heard so much thoroughgoing hate and blatant call to murder by local, often ignored, religious clerics in the name of sermonizing. These are unmentionable sermons that will curdle the blood of any sane person and cause them to wonder if they share the same humanity as these ignorant, homicidal clerics. Boko Haram's leader's video justifying and claiming responsibility for the Jos bombings is an eerie echo of these hateful sermons.

 But I know these sermons to be atrociously grotesque perversions of Islam's core teachings because I am the son of a Muslim scholar who knows as much about Islam as any educated Muslim should. My 80-something-year-old dad taught me to read and write in Arabic before I even learned to read in the Roman alphabet. And my dad's dad was a Christian. So were many of his brothers and sisters--in a predominantly Muslim community. Yet we lived in peace. My dad always took care to remind us, like all broadminded Muslim scholars do or should, that the references to "unbelievers" in the Qur'an are not to Christians or Jews; they are to seventh-century Arabian idolaters who launched unprovoked attacks against the emergent Islamic religion.

Christians and Jews are properly called "ahlul kitaab" (translated as "people of the book") in the Qur'an. Although the relationship between early Muslims in the 7^thcentury and Christians was not without problems, it was, for the most part, marked by tolerance as evidenced in several Qur'anic verses.

Examples: "Surely those who believe, and those who are Jews, and the Christians, and the Sabians -- whoever believes in God and the Last Day and does good, they shall have their reward from their Lord. And there will be no fear for them, nor shall they grieve" (2:62, 5:69, and many other similar verses); "[A]nd nearest among them in love to the believers will you find those who say, 'We are Christians,' because amongst these are men devoted to learning and men who have renounced the world, and they are not arrogant" (5:82).

In the second verse, you can almost mentally picture the Nigerian Reverend Hassan Matthew Kukah and many (Catholic) priests.

But ignorant, hate-filled, and hidebound religious literalists have stripped adherents of other Abrahamic faiths of their status as "people of the book" and have dressed them in the borrowed robes of "unbelievers." And they are straining hard to make gullible people believe that all the scriptural verses about retaliatory aggression against "unbelievers" in the Qur'an refer to Christians and Jews.

Unfortunately, these hitherto fringe perverts of the message of the Qur'an are beginning to enjoy a position of dominance in northern Nigeria's religious discourse, and many sane, thinking people are afraid to contradict them, lest they be tagged as "hypocrites" or "sympathizers of unbelievers" and then murdered.

I know I speak for millions of silent Nigerian Muslims when I say that these blood-thirsty, homicidal beasts who murdered innocent men, women, and children in the name of Islam don't represent us. But until enough Muslim leaders and commentators come out to openly denounce these people and the ideology of hate that animates them, they will continue to hijack and appropriate the mainstream, and we will all pay dearly for this--literally and symbolically.

But, first, the perpetrators must be made to face the consequences of their murders. Unfortunately, Goodluck Jonathan has robbed himself of the moral capital to bring these murderers to justice because he also publicly shielded his own MEND kinsmenfrom the consequences of their own savage terrorism against Nigeria.

The question is: can we afford to go on like this, especially now that we are entering a really dangerous phase of mutual annihilation through bombs? Certainly, our elites' habitual, knee-jerk, platitudinous reactions to communal violence will hasten our collective ruination. But we need to always remember that the consequences of a violent break-up of Nigeria won't be pretty for everybody.

Tolerance, understanding, and the acceptance of our diversity are the only values that can sustain us a nation.

1 Park Place South
Suite 817C
Atlanta, GA, USA.
30303
Cell:  (+1) 404-573-9697
Blog: www.farooqkperogi.blogspot.com

"The nice thing about pessimism is that you are constantly being either proven right or pleasantly surprised." G. F. Will

--
You received this message because you are subscribed to the "USA-Africa Dialogue Series" moderated by Toyin Falola, University of Texas at Austin.
For current archives, visit http://groups.google.com/group/USAAfricaDialogue
For previous archives, visit http://www.utexas.edu/conferences/africa/ads/index.html
To post to this group, send an email to USAAfricaDialogue@googlegroups.com
To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to USAAfricaDialogue-
unsubscribe@googlegroups.com

--
There is enough in the world for everyone's need but not for everyone's greed.


---Mohandas Gandhi

--
You received this message because you are subscribed to the "USA-Africa Dialogue Series" moderated by Toyin Falola, University of Texas at Austin.
For current archives, visit http://groups.google.com/group/USAAfricaDialogue
For previous archives, visit http://www.utexas.edu/conferences/africa/ads/index.html
To post to this group, send an email to USAAfricaDialogue@googlegroups.com
To unsubscribe from this group, send an email to USAAfricaDialogue-
unsubscribe@googlegroups.com