Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Haba Professor Pius(PP)

 

 

.. 

Thanks, Mr Omosun. Chidi Opara is someone with keen interest in public affairs and as someone who projects himself as a source of authentic information to the general Nigerian and international publics, I find it troubling that he cannot admit to his glaring factual errors and move on. He's ducking and diving, running here and there and desperately grasping at straws - all in a bid to sell us snake oil. But the truth is clear. If I were him, I would admit my error and move on with the core of the debate (which is Chris Abani and his lies) or simply back out. I mean, if he didn't hold out himself as eminently qualified to correct Professor Adesanmi when the latter needed no correction, I wouldn't be bothering with him, because he's already lost it when his initial take on the issue was to claim that the onus is on those who accuse Abani of lying to prove their claims. I merely yawned at such convoluted logic and rather enjoyed Ikhide's retort that it's Abani that is accusing Nigeria and that he should therefore be the one to come forward to prove his claims! But far more seriously, I just couldn't be bothered with anyone who, after reading what is available as undisputed facts on the issue in public space, still jumps up to ask for proof of Abani lying!

Frankly, I am really surprised that he cannot return the act of graciousness that Prof Adesanmi  showed to him by accepting his supposed correction in good faith, because he (Prof Adesanmi) trusted that whatever he (Chidi) puts forward as facts cannot be impugned, even if they have different opinions on the substantive issue. But alas, Mr Opara's facts have been exposed as no facts at all and rather than raise his hands and move on, he's dancing nkwokrikwo on these pages and wrestling with himself! I'm not complaining O! I'm enjoying the Chidi Opara Show!

 

…

From: "omosunsly@yahoo.com" <omosunsly@yahoo.com>
To: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com
Sent: Thursday, 1 December 2011, 4:57
Subject: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Haba Professor Pius(PP)

Thanks for this brother Ken...a lot of information young writers like me need to learn from...I currently work at +basanjo University so his act with Idril is needed on what am composing on him. Ken you really goes to a large extent to reply Chidi much more like a dad to a son. I pray he understand. Peace

Sent from my BlackBerry® wireless handheld from Glo Mobile.

From: Kennedy Emetulu <kemetulu@yahoo.co.uk>

Sender: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com

Date: Wed, 30 Nov 2011 16:28:29 +0000 (GMT)

To: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com<usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com>

ReplyTo: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com

Subject: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Haba Professor Pius(PP)

 

…

 

 

Chidi,

 

Your skills at misrepresentation is noted, but you of all people ought to know that you wouldn't be going anywhere with that with me. Here is a place of record and I have never and won't hesitate to push your words under your nose where necessary. In your case, it is necessary and I have done so. Indeed, I am now going to do so again, so you are clear about the futility and ill-advisedness of your present endeavours.

 

 

"This is getting more interesting. I talked about persecutions suffered by Hubert Ogunde and Eedris Abdulkarim because of what they said in their play and music, Kennedy "corrected" me that there were no persecutions, only that the play and music in question were banned(as if that is not persecution)." - Chidi

 

Your statement above is untrue, because not only that I didn't say there were no persecutions, my correction was based on your supposed correction of Pius. It is therefore important to revisit what Pius said and your supposed correction. This is what Pius said:

 

"..........No Nigerian writer has ever been persecuted because of a novel or a poem or any such thing. Not even Ken Saro Wiwa or Wole Soyinka have that history. Writers have been persecuted by the Nigerian state because of their political praxis. Never because of literature". – Pius

 

It's obvious from the above that Pius is talking strictly of writers and literature, but you took the liberty to extend it to artistes and neither Pius nor I took issue with that. But then, I took issue with what you said exactly as part of your effort at 'correcting' Pius in relation to the issue. First, here is exactly what you said about Ogunde:

 

Late Hubert Ogunde was severely persecuted in the early 1960s by the Tafawa Balewa and Akintola federal and regional governments for what he said in the play "Yoruba Ronu" – Chidi (emphasis mine)

 

And here is what I said by way of correction:

 

"Yes, Ogunde's Yoruba Ronu was banned in Western Nigeria only for sometime, but it had great success elsewhere around the country. Ogunde was never arrested or interrogated. Whatever you call persecution was no more than that ban and it had nothing to do with the Tafawa Balewa government, even though we all know that the Akintola government in the West was in alliance with Balewa's party. If you have other facts to support your claim of him being persecuted in anyway apart from his play being banned in the West, let's have these".

 

So, I corrected you by pointing out the fact that there was no case of Ogunde being "severely persecuted". Banning his play for a short time in one part of the country is not severe persecution. In the context of our discussion as per Abani, Ogunde was not touched – he was not arrested, interrogated, hounded, imprisoned or inconvenienced in any way. You mentioned that Tafawa Belewa's government was part of those who "severely persecuted" him and again, I made clear from facts that he was never a subject of persecution by Balewa's government, neither was the ban on his play extended nationally where the Balewa government had jurisdiction. Finally, if we are to adopt Ogunde as a 'writer', even if not strictly in line with what Pius said, we again justify what Pius said, which is that no writer (in this case we include Ogunde for your convenience) has ever been persecuted because of a novel or poem or any such thing, but only for their political praxis. Ogunde's Yoruba Ronu was his intervention in the Western Regional Elections and the politics of the time (political praxis), which is exactly what Pius was talking about. So, my brother, the bare facts show that you were wrong and Pius was right, even if we extend the meaning of "writers" to cover Ogunde or the term "literature" to cover his work.

 

On Eedris Abdulkarim, this is what you said about him (again in supposed attempt to correct Pius, even though Pius's statement wasn't referring to people like him, as he wasn't referring to people like Ogunde – notwithstanding that he impliedly gave you the latitude to include them):

 

"Eedris Abdulkarim, a Nigerian contemporary musician complained of severe persecutions during the Obasanjo civil regime for what he sang in the music " Nigeria Jaga Jaga"".- Chidi (emphasis mine)

 

And, again, here is what I said by way of correction:

 

"I have met Eedris and had time to talk about what you are referring to above which was no more than Obasanjo taking umbrage at his description of Nigeria as "Jaga Jaja". In typical Obasanjo fashion, he abused Idris and said "Your papa and mama na him be jaga-jaga". Obasanjo banned the song on radio, but it was still being played in nightclubs. But it all ended comically. Obasanjo himself invited Eedris to play in the Tsunami Concert in Aso Rock and there was the rib-cracking story of Eedris asking one of his dancers, a midget called "One Kilo" to slap Obasanjo. The latter ended up only dragging Obasanjo's agbada and Eedris, having confirmed his 'courage' gave him full employment with his La Creme Records".

 

So, I corrected you by pointing out the fact that there was no case of Eedris complaining of "severe persecutions", because there was none. Banning his play for a short time on radio (which was effectively ineffectual) is not severe persecution. In the context of our discussion as per Abani, Eedris was not touched – he was not arrested, interrogated, hounded, imprisoned or inconvenienced in any way. Finally, if we are to adopt him as a 'writer', even if not strictly in line with what Pius said, we again would be justifying what he said, which is that no writer (in this case we include Eedris for your convenience) has ever been persecuted because of a novel or poem or any such thing, but only for their political praxis. Eedris's Nigeria Jaga Jaga was his intervention in the 2003 elections and a criticism of corruption and bad governance by the Obasanjo's government (political praxis), which is exactly what Pius was talking about. So, again, my brother, the bare facts show that you were wrong and Pius was right, even if we extend the meaning of "writers" to cover Eedris or the term "literature" to cover his work.

 

 

"He also revealed that the then President Obasanjo cursed Eedris in public because of the music. Kennedy, if a Nigerian leader show anger towards you in the presence of aides, security, contractors, hangers-on(thugs), captains of industries, etc, that is the mother of persecutions. Do you think any big organization in Nigeria would want to engage a musician who is known to be in the bad book of the President?" - Chidi

 

Here you are obviously scraping the barrel. Persecution is an active thing. In the context of our discussion about Chris Abani's conduct, a mere ban of an album or track does not register as equivalence. More crucially, the Head of State merely voicing disagreement with the content of a musician's song does not qualify as persecution until he deploys the instruments of state to physically antagonize such a musician. Obasanjo didn't. Instead, the controversy shot Eedris to the top of the charts, increased business for him and Obasanjo further 'rewarded' him by inviting him personally to perform in Aso Rock. That did not stop Eedris from robustly responding to the President's criticisms in his Letter to Mr President or paying a tribute to Obasanjo's wife, Stella on her death. There is nothing indicating that Eedris complained of "severe persecutions" neither did Obasanjo's subsequent actions indicate that.

 

 

"I also talked about Achebe arrested and interrogated because of what he wrote in his novel, again Kennedy "corrected" that Achebe went into hiding with his family and resurfaced when normalcy returned, not because of what he wrote in the novel. Obi Nwakanma came into the picture and talked about Achebe hiding because of the content of the novel, he also talked about the "D branch" which I understand is of the Police. I subscribed to that and you guys are saying that because I specifically mentioned "arrest", that I should not have subscribed to that post". - Chidi

 

Misrepresentation at its height! Who told you not to subscribe to Nwakanma's post? The question is you are adopting Nwakanma's post as a validation of your untruth; but in truth, it is, like my account, an exposure of your misrepresentation of the facts! I asked you, what did Nwakanma say in his piece on Achebe that I hadn't said earlier in response to you and in far much more detail? Was Professor Chinua Achebe arrested and interrogated immediately after the 1966 coup for what he wrote in the novel A Man Of The People, as you claim? The emphatic answer is a resounding "No!", so what the bloody point are you making? Of course, Achebe, like all prominent Igbo persons in Lagos at that time had to relocate to the East for fear of their lives, based on the unstable national conditions and the clear persecution of the Igbo in those days by those who just came to power. Or, as I asked you earlier, did every Igbo who relocated to the East in those times do so because they wrote Man of The People or any such thing?

 

 

"I may have wrongly used the word "arrest", but bottom line is that the novelist was sought for, for questioning on account of what he wrote in a novel. He may or may not have been arrested, but whether he was arrested or not is not the issue, the issue remains that he was hiding from security because of what he wrote (at least you guys seem to agree with that), this of course leads to the fact that the Nigerian establishment reads and takes notes of literary productions". - Chidi

 

Is this a round about admission that your attempt at correction Pius was a failure? See above to confirm that all this talk is based on false analysis and conclusion! No one is saying the Nigerian establishment does not read or take note of literary productions; what Pius is saying is that they will not usually arrest or persecute writers or such literary persons based on what they have written, because even though they have the PhDs and a litany of Professors working for them, they rarely can understand literary appreciation to the extent of getting the real message in these works in the literary sense (when Pius says the Nigerian state is illiterate, he meant illiterate in literature appreciation, not in the sense that operatives do not have degrees or haven't been to university). The Nigerian state, as Pius pointed out and as you or anyone has been unable to disprove, only arrests and imprisons writers for their political praxis, not solely for their literary work or message. The arrests and imprisonments of people like Soyinka and Saro-Wiwa confirm this.

 

At any rate, in the context to our discussion here, there's no use dancing on the edges of the core issue. If you have any example of any writer who has been ARRESTED and IMPRISONED in Nigeria solely for his/her art, not his/her politics (as claimed by the lying Abani), tell us now! Otherwise, just admit your incorrect corrections of Pius and move on! You should know that some of us are too long in the tooth to be befuddled by your intellectual abracadabra! Yes, run go your Motor Park and don't return until you are ready to engage here with the degree of intellectual honesty required.

 

 

 

…

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

From: Chidi Anthony Opara <chidi.opara@yahoo.com>
To: "usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com" <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com>
Sent: Wednesday, 30 November 2011, 10:41
Subject: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Haba Professor Pius(PP)

Ikhide and Kennedy,

This is getting more interesting. I talked about persecutions suffered by Hubert Ogunde and Eedris Abdulkarim because of what they said in their play and music, Kennedy "corrected" me that there were no persecutions, only that the play and music in question were banned(as if that is not persecution). He also revealed that the then President Obasanjo cursed Eedris in public because of the music. Kennedy, if a Nigerian leader show anger towards you in the presence of aides, security, contractors, hangers-on(thugs), captains of industries, etc, that is the mother of persecutions. Do you think any big organization in Nigeria would want to engage a musician who is known to be in the bad book of the President?

I also talked about Achebe arrested and interrogated because of what he wrote in his novel, again Kennedy "corrected" that Achebe went into hiding with his family and resurfaced when normalcy returned, not because of what he wrote in the novel. Obi Nwakanma came into the picture and talked about Achebe hiding because of the content of the novel, he also talked about the "D branch" which I understand is of the Police. I subscribed to that and you guys are saying that because I specifically mentioned "arrest", that I should not have subscribed to that post.

I may have wrongly used the word "arrest", but bottom line is that the novelist was sought for, for questioning on account of what he wrote in a novel. He may or may not have been arrested, but whether he was arrested or not is not the issue, the issue remains that he was hiding from security because of what he wrote (at least you guys seem to agree with that), this of course leads to the fact that the Nigerian establishment reads and takes notes of literary productions.

Abeg I dey go do my Motor Park runs jare.

----Chidi

 

About Me

From: Kennedy Emetulu <kemetulu@yahoo.co.uk>
To: "usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com" <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com>
Sent: Tuesday, November 29, 2011 11:53 PM
Subject: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Haba Professor Pius(PP)

 

.

 

..

 

C'mon, Chidi! What are you on about? What has Mr Nwakanma said that I haven't said earlier and in more detail in response to you? Just in case you have forgotten, here is what you said in purportedly correcting Pius:

 

"Professor Chinua Achebe was arrested and interrogated immediately after the 1966 coup for what he wrote in the novel "A Man Of The People". – Chidi

 

Now read it again and convince me that you and Nwakanma are saying the same thing? If you put yourself forward to correct someone, then be sure of your facts before excoriating them! From my account and Nwakanma's account, it turns out that Pius was right all along. You got your facts wrong! Achebe was never arrested or interrogated immediately after the 1966 coup as you claim! What we know is that there were stories that elements of those who planned the July 1966 coup thought he had knowledge of the coup in their ignorant assessment of his Man of the People. Achebe did not hang around to have a word with these people. In the national atmosphere of the time, like most Igbo persons in prominent position outside the East, he found his way to the safety of his hometown, Ogidi. Or was Achebe the only Igbo man that decided to find their way back East at the time? Did all the Igbo that poured into Igboland from far and near write Man of the People? Look, there is nothing in my account or Nwakanma's account that supports your claim. You got it wrong! Admit it and move on!

 

..

 

 

 

 

From: Chidi Anthony Opara <chidi.opara@yahoo.com>
To: "usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com" <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com>
Sent: Tuesday, 29 November 2011, 9:48
Subject: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Haba Professor Pius(PP)

"Kennedy:
In 1966, Chinua Achebe's A Man of the People drove him into hiding. The coincidence with its public launch in the same week as the January 15 coup certainly had much to do with it, as with the close reading of a "prophetic" action in the novel which the folk in the D Branch thought too "prophetic" to be innocent. All said, to presume that "the Nigerian state is an illiterate state" is to project a most damning and asinine complex. As many of us who encountered some of the folk of the Nigerian State Security Services quickly found out in the normal course of our work in journalism in Lagos in the late 1980s and 1990s, these were some of the more highly educated Nigerians, recruited from all fields - Literature, Law, the Sciences, etc. They were not dumb. They read and they took note of all texts - from newspaper articles to books published in and out of Nigeria. Indeed, the requirement on local publishers to deposit copies of every book published in Nigeria in the National Library is not an act of arbitrary absent-mindedness. I had on one occasion, during one encounter in Lagos, to answer questions on exactly what I meant with a line in my poem on Fela - then still unpublished, and which surprisingly I had read only at an ANA gathering in Lagos. The "Nigerian state" reads; this you'll only find out but only when the occasion arises......"

--------Obi Nwakanma.

Do I need to say more? I must however state here that I am surprised at some of the replies to this post. Let me make two clarifications; this is not about Abani and certainly not intended as crucifixion of your dear PP. 

........Chidi.

 

About Me

From: Rex Marinus <rexmarinus@hotmail.com>
To: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com
Sent: Tuesday, November 29, 2011 1:35 AM
Subject: RE: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Haba Professor Pius(PP)

Kennedy:
In 1966, Chinua Achebe's A Man of the People drove him into hiding. The coincidence with its public launch in the same week as the January 15 coup certainly had much to do with it, as with the close reading of a "prophetic" action in the novel which the folk in the D Branch thought too "prophetic" to be innocent. All said, to presume that "the Nigerian state is an illiterate state" is to project a most damning and asinine complex. As many of us who encountered some of the folk of the Nigerian State Security Services quickly found out in the normal course of our work in journalism in Lagos in the late 1980s and 1990s, these were some of the more highly educated Nigerians, recruited from all fields - Literature, Law, the Sciences, etc. They were not dumb. They read and they took note of all texts - from newspaper articles to books published in and out of Nigeria. Indeed, the requirement on local publishers to deposit copies of every book published in Nigeria in the National Library is not an act of arbitrary absent-mindedness. I had on one occassion, during one encounter in Lagos, to answer questions on exactly what I meant with a line in my poem on Fela - then still unpublished, and which surprisingly I had read only at an ANA gathering in Lagos. The "Nigerian state" reads; this you'll only find out but only when the occassion arises. By the way, this is not in defense of Abani. I worked at the saner side of Kirikiri, where the Canal flowed only beer, cognac, and such "blood" known only to salts:) So, even if he were there at the Dantesque or Darker side Kirikiri, I could not have met him nor did I hear of it,nor would swear even now that he was not there - either in his mind or in his body. The writer makes myth. Kabissa!
Obi Nwakanma


 _____________________ "If I don't learn to shut my mouth I'll soon go to hell, I, Okigbo, town-crier, together with my iron bell." --Christopher Okigbo
 

Date: Tue, 29 Nov 2011 00:01:12 +0000
From: kemetulu@yahoo.co.uk
Subject: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Haba Professor Pius(PP)
To: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com

 

 

...

 

 

"dear all

would soyinka and achebe have been imprisoned if they hadn't already had reputations that put them in the national spotlight? or saro-wiwa? would he have been considered such a threat if he hadn't been able to mobilize international opinion?" – Kenneth Harrow

 

 

Prof, below is what Pius said about the above:

 

 

"..........No Nigerian writer has ever been persecuted because of a novel or a poem or any such thing. Not even Ken Saro Wiwa or Wole Soyinka have that history. Writers have been persecuted by the Nigerian state because of their political praxis. Never because of literature. The Nigerian state is an illiterate state. She does not read novels. She would be happier if Soyinka concentrated on writing plays and poems. He would be free to write those to his heart's content. She reacts to writers only when they make political noise, not when they write novels........." – Pius Adesanmi

 

 

That is the fact. What you want us to do here in your question is conjecture; but we can make intelligent conjectures from the facts. First, clarification is that Achebe was never imprisoned. Soyinka was, but only because of his politics.

 

I'm sure you've heard the story of those imprisonments and all the legends associated with them – how Soyinka hijacked a radio station at gunpoint in 1965 to demand the cancellation of the rigged elections in the West; how he was arrested and later freed by Justice Kayode Esho; how in 1967, he was arrested by the Gowon government and put in solitary confinement for actively trying to broker peace between Biafra and Nigeria. Before then, he was lauded and sponsored by the state as a writer; but once he began to get into active politics and activism, they arrested and imprisoned him. Achebe, as I said, was not imprisoned; but it was the suspicion that he knew of a military coup (because of the uncannily prophetic novel he wrote before then) that made him a person of interest at a time his ethnic group and men of his stature in the army and Civil Service were being hounded and killed by a state controlled by those opposed to his ethnic group.

 

Saro-Wiwa was a writer also feted and sponsored by the state. His plays were broadcast on national television controlled by the state and he himself, early in his career served in government as a Commissioner in Rivers State and also as a member of a quango created by the Babangida government. But once he took the political road of championing the cause of his ethnic group against the dominant and predatory state in a fierce political battle, they came for him.

 

Of course, all of them had international reputations as good writers before their brush with politics and the state; but it was their political involvement that got them bigger visibility internationally, because what this did was to awaken the international literary and political establishment to their plight as writers being persecuted for their politics. The lines became merged and the rest is history.

 

It is that type of history that Chris Abani is manufacturing to get the credibility of people like the Soyinkas, the Saro-Wiwas and the Achebes. He didn't go through the suffering these people went through for their politics and their art (as both became merged once the state came calling), but he felt by lying that he went through that and prop up these lies with his work of art, he would achieve their status. Well, it would seem he has, if we accept the fraudulently contrived encomiums coming his way. But we are not about to let him get away with it. If his promoters in the West think they can impose his false history on us, they have another think coming. Nigerian literature has never had a fraudulent figurehead. Chris Abani will be purged of his lies and made to walk the plank!

 

 

 

….

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

From: kenneth harrow <harrow@msu.edu>
To: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com
Sent: Monday, 28 November 2011, 21:17
Subject: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Haba Professor Pius(PP)

dear all
would soyinka and achebe have been imprisoned if they hadn't already had reputations that put them in the national spotlight? or saro-wiwa? would he have been considered such a threat if he hadn't been able to mobilize international opinion?
ken

On 11/28/11 2:49 PM, Pius Adesanmi wrote:

Chidi:

 

Thanks for that detail on Achebe. Correction taken in good faith. But you must admit that starting a new thread with my name and very nearly killing a mosquito with a laser-guided intercontinental balistic missile in the process could make your enemies accuse you of diversion. Although I will defend you if they do but your enemies could come out saying that you are using corner-corner sense to divert attention from the real issues, having been unable to satisfactorily explain to, say, Kennedy and Moses, why you took the unbelievable position you took in the thread that you are now trying to hide under a bushel. Anyway sha, I intend to now start claiming that Buka Sukar Dimka got his coup inspiration from the first poem that I ever wrote and I was put on death row until I escaped to Canada via France. Chances are I will get some dumb institutional do-gooders in America to invest in the story and reward me plenty plenty. If my lies eventually catch up with me, shebi I can always count on my brother, Chidi, whose love for me passeth all understanding? Abi no be so?

 

Pius

 

From: Chidi Anthony Opara <chidi.opara@yahoo.com>
To: USA Dialogue Series <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com>
Sent: Monday, 28 November 2011, 5:46
Subject: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Haba Professor Pius(PP)

"..........No Nigerian writer has ever been persecuted because of a novel or a poem or any such thing. Not even Ken Saro Wiwa or Wole Soyinka have that history. Writers have been persecuted by the Nigerian state because of their political praxis. Never because of literature. The Nigerian state is an illiterate state. She does not read novels. She would be happier if Soyinka concentrated on writing plays and poems. He would be free to write those to his heart's content. She reacts to writers only when they make political noise, not when they write novels........."

.....Professor Pius(PP)

Haba PP,

Professor Chinua Achebe was arrested and interrogated immediately after the 1966 coup for what he wrote in the novel "A Man Of The People".

Late Hubert Ogunde was severely persecuted in the early 1960s by the Tafawa Balewa and Akintola federal and regional governments for what he said in the play "Yoruba Ronu"

Eedris Abdulkarim, a Nigerian contemporary musician complained of severe persecutions during the Obasanjo civil regime for what he sang in the music "Nigeria Jaga Jaga".

In activism, there is no clear boundary between Politics and Literature. If Okey Ndibe, an activist who uses Literature as his primary platform can be taken hostage in a Gestapo-style operation at the Lagos International Airport by the Goodluck Jonathan regime goons, the credibility of your comment above then seems doubtful to me.

There are of course many uncelebrated cases in contemporary Nigeria, like your spouse and children being denied certain benefits they should ordinarily been entitled to by a state government in a state you have lived in for more than two decades and a government official pretending to be a friend, calling and advising you "to cooperate for the sake of your family", and you know very well that you write poems and that you have no other "political praxis".

PP, your views carry some weight, so, make you no dey yan dis kin yan.
.......Chidi

 

About Me

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--  kenneth w. harrow  distinguished professor of english michigan state university department of english east lansing, mi 48824-1036 ph. 517 803 8839 harrow@msu.edu

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You received this message because you are subscribed to the "USA-Africa Dialogue Series" moderated by Toyin Falola, University of Texas at Austin.
For current archives, visit http://groups.google.com/group/USAAfricaDialogue
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