Dear all,
I hope you'll forgive me for plugging my own book here, but it's relevant to the recent discussion of Fulani herders. Sultan Muhammad Bello of Sokoto had a policy of building ribats, or fortified settlements to defend frontiers and trade routes, that including settling Fulani herders to civilize them into Hausa society because nomadic herding was un-Islamic. This policy created the modern Hausa-Fulani hybrid culture.
Full details are in the book at http://newworldafricanpress.com/books/000026.htm
John Edward Philips <http://human.cc.hirosaki-u.ac.jp/philips/>
International Society, College of Humanities, Hirosaki University
"Homo sum; humani nihil a me alienum puto." -Terentius Afer
<https://boydellandbrewer.com/writing-african-history.html>
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