Generally, a high level of education which is disconnected from applied science, engineering, industry and economics is useless and dangerous as we have seen in all spectra of governance in Nigeria.
Talking about educational qualification of the head of government of a nation, it is only in Nigeria that the constitution states the minimum qualification required to be a President. This is because the framer of the constitution is aware that the imposed language of governance, English, is a second language to all the ethnic groups in Nigeria and which majority of Nigerians are excluded/prevented from learning. In the US constitution, no stipulated educational qualification is required to become the President of the country because the language of governance, English, is the first language to the citizens in every spectrum of life. Fluency in spoken and written English language, that we in Nigeria regard as being educated, is not considered as such in the US. Let us look at the example of Andrew Johnson, the 17th President of the United States from 1865-1869. He was a tailor's apprentice and an illiterate when he got married at the age of 18 to the 16 year old Eliza Mc Cardle, a daughter of a local shoemaker, in 1827. Andrew Johnson's wife taught him how to read and write. He was elected a mayor, member of Tennessee House of Representatives, member of the US Congress where he served for ten years from 1843 to 1853. He was Tennessee governor from 1853-1857, US senator 1857-1862, and military governor of his occupied Tennessee during the civil war between 1862 and 1865. On 4th March 1865, he became Vice President to Abraham Lincoln in his second term and became the substantive President 42 days later when Lincoln was assassinated in April 1865. This illustrates the fact that innate intelligence is the only required qualification for any person to be a leader of a government.
As for those Nigerians who are arguing that there should be no minimum educational criteria to become a President of Nigeria, I wonder what their motivation is - Oluwatoyin Vincent Adepoju.
The minimum education required to be a President of Nigeria has already been stated in the Nigerian constitution and it is you, Mr. Adepoju, who considers it too low without telling us which minimum qualification you think an aspiring Nigerian President should possess and in which subject(s) or profession. Debunking the 1999 Constitution as amended, you wrote, "The Constitution that Salimonu invokes in support of such ideas, ....... is a constitution understood by some, me included, as created by a particular group in Nigeria's ruling class at the time it was written, the little educated Northern Muslim military rulers in the time of Abdulsalami Abubakar, a group, who, through the massacre of their predecessors instituted in the July 1966 counter coup had eliminated the well educated Southern Nigerian Officers in the high ranks of the army and placed themselves in the forcefully vacated positions."
The 1999 Constitution did not arise as a consequence of the July 1966 coup. It was Olusegun Obasanjo, a southerner that handed over power, with a new constitution, to the civilian regim of Shehu Shagari and Alex Ekwueme as President and Vice President respectively in 1979. The military seized power again in 1983 and by 1999 Abdulsalami Abubakar handed over power, with a new constitution, to a civilian regim of Olusegun Obasanjo and Atiku Abubakar as President and vice President respectively. Of almost 19 years of civilian rule since 1999, Southerners have governed Nigeria under the 1999 Constitution for 14 years. During the fourteen years rule of Presidents Obasanjo and Jonathan, the constitution has been amended several times and I am not aware of any initiated bill from both Obasanjo and Jonathan to the National Assembly requesting for the amendment of the 1999 constitution to the effect of raising the required minimum educational qualification to be President of Nigeria. In fact, many Southerners contributed to the emergence of the 1999 constitution which, of course, is not perfect but will still serve the basic needs of Nigerians if it is followed. Section 16 (2c) of the 1999 Constitution says, "The State shall direct its policy towards ensuring: that suitable and adequate shelter, suitable and adequate food, reasonable national minimum living wage, old-age care and pensions, and unemployment, sick benefits and welfare of the disabled are provided for all citizens." Section 18(3) of the 1999 Constitution states : Government shall provide free, compulsory and universal primary education; free secondary and University Education, and free adult literary programme, as and when practicable. Nineteen years after the 1999 constitution became operational the above provisions of the constitution are still not practicable to accomplish while those Western educated officials that are assigned the duties of fulfilling the aims of the Constitution have become billionaires by swindling the funds meant for various projects. The UN Millenium Development Goal, adopted by Obasanjo's government in 2000 planned that by year 2015, every child of school age in Nigeria should have access to primary school education. According to recent UNESCO information, 10.6 million Nigerian children of school age are, as of date, out of school.
You accused me wrongly of denigrating Western Education, whereas what I have questioned is, why our over-remunerated Western educated officials in the MDAs of Nigeria have not been as productive as their counterparts in the West. The government of Goodluck Ebele Jonathan, for instance, contained more academic degree holders than any government in the world during his tenure. He, himself the leader of the government, is a PhD holder. Jonathan's Minister of Power was Bath Nnaji, a Professor of Robotics Engineering from the US. The Chief Executive Officer Nigeria Electricity Regulatory Commission was Dr. Sam Amadi. We all know that the technological invention of electricity and power generation were completed by Robert Boyle, Benjamin Franklin, Michael Faraday and a host of others a long time ago. None of the aforementioned inventors was a PhD holder or a Professor. However, Nigeria's Professor and Doctor of power generation could not generate and distribute electricity to Nigerians. Their efforts were concentrated on converting the national grid into their private property. The infighting between the gluttonous hyenas over how to share the national asset in the power sector led to the sack of Professor Bath Nnaji towards the end of 2012. In his place came another Professor, Chinedu Ositadinma Ndubuisi Nebo, who during his screening told the Senate that God who helped him to drive away demons when he was VC at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka. would help him drive away the demons at the then Power Holding Corporation of Nigeria (PHCN). The Professor generated and distributed darkness before the end of his tenure at which he presided over the slaughter of PHCN into many acronyms, such as TCN, GENCO, DISCO and privatised them into the hands of government officials and their cronies. What the Professor received as severance package when he left office has not been made public but Sam Amadi, the Chairman of NERC, gave himself Four-hundred million naira severance allowance for regulating darkness. As you know every household in Nigeria generates its own electricity through noisy and poison fuming generators imported privately by the western educated managers and saboteurs of our national grid. This is what our Western educated officials in all Nigeria's MDAs do. Our Western educated and thieves of public funds have publicly been identified, arraigned and granted bail by western educated corrupt judges who adjourn cases indefinitely. In some cases, Nigeria's western educated thieving class with their conspiring dreg of hustling lawyers and judges get permanent court's injunctions forbidding prosecutorial agencies from arresting, detaining, interrogating and prosecuting them. In view of the above, I am not the one denigrating western education but it is the western educated Nigerian officials that are denigrating themselves by their actions and behaviours in office.
S. Kadiri
Från: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com> för Oluwatoyin Vincent Adepoju <toyin.adepoju@gmail.com>
Skickat: den 3 februari 2018 15:31
Till: usaafricadialogue
Ämne: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Why Dangiwa Umar Should be the Standard-bearer of the Third Force
Skickat: den 3 februari 2018 15:31
Till: usaafricadialogue
Ämne: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Why Dangiwa Umar Should be the Standard-bearer of the Third Force
Low level formal education for a politician, particularly in a national leader, is dangerous.
With all due respect to Ken, I cant see what justification he has for his view on the unnecessity of higher education in a national leader, using the US as an example.
What is his point of reference? Trump? Trump is US President largely bcs of the dismay of those who are appalled that those who were once slaves have now become US President.
That is the only factor that can explain how such a social misfit, a person still living in pre-modern, pre-civil rights, pre-women's rights, Jim Crow America can be US President, a profile which if cultivated by a Hillary or by its equivalent by a Black person , such a one would not even approach the party's primaries as candidate bcs their candidacy would have long exploded.
As for those Nigerians who are arguing that there should be no minimum educational criteria to become a President of Nigeria, I wonder what their motivation is.
This approach is being presented by a man with a PhD in his field, a professor and former vice-chancellor.
He is being supported by another person who makes a great show of scholarship while engaging in debates on social media.
In observing such aberrations, I become afraid.
Does this mean that these people think the years they spent in formal education were a waste of time?
Don't they understand that formal education is the primary means by which the fruits of civilization are passed on to succeeding generations?
Has Bolaji Aluko not learnt his lessons from his endorsement of the disaster that is Buhari, a person, who, till tomorrow, evidence of his acquisition of the most basic educational qualifications remains in doubt, the same Buhari whom Aluko triumphantly informed readers when the controversy broke out pre-2015 elections that there are those who will vote for Buhari even if he presents only a NEPA [ electricity] bill?
Are we not seeing the fruition of a NEPA bill Presidency?
The constitution that Salimonu invokes in support of such ideas, Salimonu being a person whose effort at a scholarly style of debate demonstrates a commitment to Western education even as he tries to denigrate that system on account of a confused understanding of the relationship between education and development , is a constitution understood by some, me included, as created by a particular group in Nigeria's ruling class at the time it was written, the little educated Northern Muslim military rulers in the time of Abdulsalami Abubakar, a group, who, through the massacre their predecessors instituted in the July 1966 counter coup had eliminated the well educated Southern Nigerian officers in the higher ranks of the army and placed themselves in the forcefully vacated positions. Anyone who wants better education on the restructuring of the hierarchy of the Nigerian army through the counter coup may see Max Siollun's day by day account of the coup in Oil, Politics and Violence: Nigeria's Military Cup Culture 1966-1976.
Nigeria's Muslim North is facing a crisis of identity between the radical Islam imported by the conquest of the region by Usman dan Fodio's jihad and the contemporary global dominance of Western education, a crisis faced by Islamic civilization generally particularly since the vacuum created by the sharp decline of the once globally leading intellectual achievements of that civilization has not been filled, the power centres of the civilization preferring to focus on restrictive religious policies that help sustain their elite in power rather than contribute to crafting new modes of religio-intellectual consensus that will galvanize the creativity of their people. Identification with policies demonstrating the disjunctions of such a conflicted and confused environment whose leaders mask their failures in developing their people through desperate hunger for political power is a recipe for continuous failure while the rest of the world is metaphorically and literally heading for the moon.
The mindset that denigrates formal education, particularly on account of the dysfunctionality of Nigeria, is one we must grow out of. It is possible to be self educated. Most of my education is self education and I once fought not to enter the university bcs I wanted to focus on self education.Most people, however, do not know how to educate themselves. The low level of knowledge penetration in Nigeria, knowledge penetration being the readiness of access to knowledge, as different from information-knowledge being the selection, distillation, interpretation and reframing of information-on account of a very poor public library culture, depression in presence of bookshops on account of economic constraints, the dominance of public space by questionable religious propaganda and low level of disposable income among other poor economic indices, makes self education particularly challenging in contemporary Nigeria.
If the APC coalition had had Tinubu or another Yoruba leader of similar capacity as President and someone without the crude mindset of a Buhari as vice president, we wont have the horrors we are having today. Tinubu and his AC group belong to what is known in Yoruba as the culture of 'laju', to have one's eyes open, one's perceptions expanded to embrace new developments in society and work with them for one's advancement, in other words, a commitment to modernity.
Tinubu is castigated in the belief that he amasses wealth for himself through cornering Lagos State contracts, but people are not saying the projects in question are not functional, whether its bridges and their toll gates or refuse disposal. People criticise the inadequacies in Ambode's artistic projects in Lagos but no one can deny the potency of the impact of the entire project. Some claim Fayemi lost in Ekiti bcs his policies were not grassroots oriented, but such critics begin from the understanding that he instituted and executed some lofty policies. Critics claim that Aregbesola's opon imo educational strategy in Osun did not achieve much bcs of the corrupt mode of its execution, but the concept itself remains a model to be examined for ease of access to educational materials in a depressed economy like Nigeria.
I am yet to read anyone from the Muslim North demonstrating an appreciative response to the GEJ govt's initiative on almajiri schools in that region, an initiative meant to educate the socially disenfranchised almajiri, the best I have read from the region being a newspaper's comprehensive survey based on visiting the schools across the region but concluding in a belittling assertion that contradicts their own investigations.
Ken states that "We should vote for people because they advance ideas we agree with. And as they do not govern alone, any decent ruler will have counsellors of merit in all departments. Knowing how to rely on others who are expert in their fields is what matters".
does one reach the level of appreciating one's mental limitations, leading to relying on others who know better than one? How does one become a person who can cultivate and appreciate ideas?
We have a NEPA bill/tissue paper [another paradigm used to describe the Buhari scenario] secondary school leaving certificate national ruler, whose is not known for any efforts at self advancement outside govt appointments, whose default mode is to resort to military strategy after being handed a historic opportunity on the backs of the hopes of numerous people across the nation, signalling his primary orientation by loading the security agencies and the electoral body with his ethno/religious kins, delaying appointments of ministers for six months, claiming ministers are are 'noise makers',
and eventually making
himself minister of petroleum, appointing a journalist ethno-religious kinsman with a masters in journalism as minister of education who then proceeds to sack the vice chancellors of the universities created by the GEJ govt, replacing them mostly with ethno-religious figures, most of them from one state, Kano, while the greatest achievement of the national ruler is that of trying to create a national empire for his Fulani ethnicity by backing a nation wide terrorist initiative using nomadic Fulani cattle herders as a launching pad.
That is what you get from a NEPA bill President, a banana republic.
Aluko and Salimonu might think they are in the same world with Ken Harrow whose "As for educational requirements, I am not convinced that they signify much of anything" is of little significance, apologies to Ken, in an environment in which the default education for a Presidential candidate seems to have become an Ivy League education, a educational sector with perhaps the world's most selective admissions rates, and sporting stupendous facilities, in a general national environment rich in possibilities for education, from libraries to museums to bookshops, to free courses from various quarters, an environment in which the Presidents from Trump to Bush snr are Ivy League graduates. Not only is self education much more a likelihood in the US, the system is so strong it can compensate for the inadequacies of leaders, as the struggles of the Trump era indicate, much better than in Nigeria, where politicians are like gods.
In a world more complex and more dynamic than ever, its vital to emphasize significant education in how to deal with the dynamics of such a world.
thanks
toyin
On 3 February 2018 at 00:03, Mobolaji Aluko <alukome@gmail.com> wrote:
SK:
Reading these sections more closely, it is clear that the minimum qualification is INEC's determination of a candidate's competency that is equivalent to attendance/education (but not necessarily passing) Primary Six certificate. When we couple those sections with age requirement, only my stark illiterate would be excluded by INEC. Section 131(d) should be replaced by Section 318c(iii) and d, and Section 318 deleted.
Bolaji Aluko
On Friday, February 2, 2018, Salimonu Kadiri <ogunlakaiye@hotmail.com> wrote:
--Bolaji,
In support of yours underneath, this is what the constitution says about the qualification required to contest for the office of President in Nigeria. Section 131 (d) He must have been educated up to at least School Certificate level or its equivalent. What Section 131(d) means is clarified in Part IV, article 318(1) of the Constitution thus : (a) a Secondary School Certificate or its equivalent, or Grade II Teacher's Certificate, the City and Guilds Certificate; or (b) Education up to Secondary Certificate level; or (c) Primary Six School Leaving Certificate or its equivalent and (i) Service in the public or private sector in the Federation in any capacity acceptable to the Independent National Electoral Commission for a minimum of ten years, and (ii) Attendance at courses and training in such institutions as may be acceptable to the Independent National Electoral Commission for periods totalling up to a minimum of one year, and (iii) the ability to read, write, understand and communicate in the English language to the satisfaction of the Independent National Electoral Commission; and (d) any other qualification acceptable by the Independent National Electoral Commission.S. Kadiri
Från: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com > för Mobolaji Aluko <alukome@gmail.com>
Skickat: den 2 februari 2018 19:30
Till: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com
Ämne: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Why Dangiwa Umar Should be the Standard-bearer of the Third ForceSegun:
There should be no minimum requirement of educational qualification.
However, they must demonstrate minimum competency in reading, writing and comprehension- unassisted- communications in the official language ( or languages) of the Nigerian Constitution, from filling their election forms to understanding laws of the land to participating in debates to being able to understand simple financial statements. Clearly completely stark illiterates will not qualify, but self taught people without degrees like thermometers could.
And there you have it
Bolaji Aluko--
On Friday, February 2, 2018, Segun Ogungbemi <seguno2013@gmail.com> wrote:
What is the minimum education of those to be elected to perform the leadership role of the country?--
Sent from my iPhoneOlayinka Agbetuyi:
Yes, intentional collective leadership, not the magical emergence of a Messiahnic leader from a revolutionary vanguard movement is what we need in Nigeria. It is indeed the best we can hope for, otherwise we will continue unhappily for a long time along this rickety bridge to erwhon.--
Nigeria has to be restructured along federal geopolitical state-grouped zones with equal status relative to a strategically - devolved center - if we are to escape from our present morass.
A unicameral Parliamentary system at all levels, with a Prime Minister at the Federal level, Premiers at the zonal levels, Governors at the state level and Chairmen at the LG levels should be considered. At the Center, a National Presidium should be considered working alongside the partisan Prime Minister. The Presidium should be composed of one person per zone, elected from among the elected Governors of each zone. Each person so elected to the Presidium shall then renounce partisan politics immediately, and be replaced by his or her deputy at the state level. The Parliament shall always act in consultation with the Presidium.
The Federal Government should be vested with no more than 10% outright ownership (eminent domain) of land on each state, with states owning the rest. The federal and state levels should be fully empowered to fully exploit the land, sea and water properly designated under their control. The Federal Government should have taxation rights and redistributive responsibilities on the Zones only, and the Zones similar rights and responsibilities on the states and local governments.
To elevate local government input and reduce cost of governsnce, the state executives should be composed only of local council elected officials. The Governor may be obtained through a second election among those who won local council Chairmanship elections, for example.
Reduction of cost of governance, local control of resources and governance as close as possible to the People should be constant watchword.
Systems development, collective leadership and timely accountability in governance, not Messiahs, are what will guarantee national development in Nigeria.
And there you have it.
Bolaji Aluko
On Thursday, February 1, 2018, Olayinka Agbetuyi <yagbetuyi@hotmail.com> wrote:
--The idea of leadership by consillient force is ok in theory on paper but leadership to undertake collective projects(which essentially is what a nation is about) entails division of labour into camps and someone has to take responsibility for the work of each camp and answer for its successes and failures. The nearest I got to the collective leadership in a pluralistic polity is my suggestion of collective presidency of geo-political interests in which there is a rotational transient coordinating figure. As sioon as the term of office of this group expires another group succeeds them
Sent from my Samsung Galaxy smartphone.
-------- Original message --------From: Kenneth Harrow <harrow@msu.edu>Date: 31/01/2018 16:08 (GMT+00:00)To: usaafricadialogue <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com >Subject: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Why Dangiwa Umar Should betheStandard-bearer of the Third Force
--Hi obi
Are you sure about what you are saying? Vanguardism was contested from the start in the arguments against bolshevism. I don’t want to pour over the literature. I started one quick search, and immediately got this. 3CLR James rejection of the vanguard is addressed here http://link.springer.com/chapt
er/10.1057%2F9781137284761_8#p age-1 I bet you could come up with a broad list. I will simply say I am happier with anarchism, a la camus and the 1930s anarchists. I certainly endorse a socialist model, and take Hannah arendt as an ideal, especially in her critique of soviet totalitarianism in The Origins of Totalitarianism. Don’t you agree with her politics there?
And more recently mouffe and laclau also express political views I agree with.
ken
Kenneth Harrow
Dept of English and Film Studies
http://www.english.msu.edu/peo
ple/faculty/kenneth-harrow/ From: usaafricadialogue <usaafricadialogue@googlegroup
s.com > on behalf of Rex Marinus <rexmarinus@hotmail.com>
Reply-To: usaafricadialogue <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com >
Date: Tuesday 30 January 2018 at 21:56
To: usaafricadialogue <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com >
Subject: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Why Dangiwa Umar Should be theStandard-bearer of the Third Force
Obi Nwakanma
From: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups
.com <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com > on behalf of Farooq A. Kperogi <farooqkperogi@gmail.com>
Sent: Tuesday, January 30, 2018 11:20 PM
To: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com
Subject: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Why Dangiwa Umar Should be theStandard-bearer of the Third Force
Even when I used to be a doctrinaire Marxist, I also struggled with the praxis and moral propriety of vanguardism. As you said, a select elite few can't possibly embody and give expression to the aspirations of the masses of the people. Nevertheless, the masses, who are often diffident and fatalistic, need to be prodded to shake up the system. And there lies the tension in Marxian epistemology: the notion of an inexorable, deterministic imperative that will propel the masses to take their destiny into their own hands and the reality that the masses need a vanguard to raise their consciousness and to help them extirpate an oppressive system. This tensile epistemological stress is at the core of Laclau and Mouffe's notion of the "double void" in Marxist thought.
But wherever one stands in this debate, it would be escapist to imagine that a leaderless, self-propelled change is possible.
Farooq
Farooq A. Kperogi, Ph.D.
Associate Professor
Journalism & Emerging Media
School of Communication & MediaSocial Science Building
Room 5092 MD 2207
402 Bartow Avenue
Kennesaw State UniversityKennesaw, Georgia, USA 30144
Cell: (+1) 404-573-9697
Personal website: www.farooqkperogi.comTwitter: @farooqkperog
Author of Glocal English: The Changing Face and Forms of Nigerian English in a Global World
"The nice thing about pessimism is that you are constantly being either proven right or pleasantly surprised." G. F. Will
On Tue, Jan 30, 2018 at 4:37 PM, Kenneth Harrow <harrow@msu.edu> wrote:
Well, vanguardism is one approach—lenin over Trotsky, or over the socialists. Me, I favour socialists, or better still the anarchists of the 30s.
I always took it that the vanguardism of the communists was their worst mistake.
Mistake under stalin
mistake under mao
mistake corrected over and over by Gramsci, by Raymond Williams, by some other notion of consciousness besides that of the elite few who claim to know what the masses don’t know
ken
Kenneth Harrow
Dept of English and Film Studies
http://www.english.msu.edu/peo
ple/faculty/kenneth-harrow/ From: usaafricadialogue <usaafricadialogue@googlegroup
s.com > on behalf of "Farooq A. Kperogi" <farooqkperogi@gmail.com>
Reply-To: usaafricadialogue <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com >
Date: Tuesday 30 January 2018 at 13:38
To: usaafricadialogue <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com >
Subject: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Why Dangiwa Umar Should be theStandard-bearer of the Third Force
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Current archives at http://groups.google.com/group/USAAfricaDialogue
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