Professor Gloria Emeagwali
Prof. of History/African Studies, CCSU
africahistory.net; gloriaemeagwali.com
2019 Distinguished Africanist Awardee
New York African Studies Association
From: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Christian Chukwuma Opata <opatacc@gmail.com>
Sent: Monday, March 25, 2019 11:57:26 PM
To: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com
Subject: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Lejja Iron Smelting Research
Sent: Monday, March 25, 2019 11:57:26 PM
To: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com
Subject: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Lejja Iron Smelting Research
Prof,
Thanks for the works you recommended. The Lejja site had been
attracting visitors and scholars since the date was announced in 2007.
The date became so controversial that members of the African
Archaeology Network that were not part of the excavation insisted on
visiting the site. They finally visited the site in 2010. Photos of
their visit are here attached.
On 25/03/2019, Emeagwali, Gloria (History) <emeagwali@ccsu.edu> wrote:
> Thanks for this information and your illuminating article.I was not aware of
> the dating for Lejja but knew about dates for Fitola in Northern Nigeria
> at 2400 BC (Darling)and eastern Niger at 2600 BC(Quechon). For Fitola,
> Darling used thermoluminescence dating through Durham University.You are
> right. West Africa ranks among the earliest iron producers globally.This is
> not meteoritic iron but terrestrial iron and could even be the oldest in the
> world. See Humphris and Rehren. (Eds.)(2013).The world of Iron. London:
> Archetype pub.
>
> Thank you for your illuminating article. I remember that site vividly. Btw,
> I also have a recording on micro cassette from that research.
>
> GE
>
>
> Professor Gloria Emeagwali
> 2019 Distinguished Africanist Awardee
> New York African Studies Association
>
>
> ________________________________
> From: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com
> <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Christian Chukwuma Opata
> <opatacc@gmail.com>
> Sent: Monday, March 25, 2019 9:17:33 AM
> To: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com
> Subject: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Lejja Iron Smelting Research
>
> Dear Prof,
> Thanks for your response. The dating was done by Dr Pamela Ezeuzomaka
> and was announced at Mozambique in 2007 during the conference of the
> African Archaeology Network chaired by Prof Chami. The report was
> later published in Studies in the African Past, Vol.7 as Iron Age
> Archaeology in Lejja, Nigeria, pp41-51.
> As for the account you referred to, most elders are not even aware of
> what smelting is; so I am not surprised. However, some from Dunoka,
> village are aware. I am happy you are interested in the project.
> I attach a copy of a work I published on the site for you to confirm
> some elders are aware of iron smelting as part of their culture..
> On 25/03/2019, Emeagwali, Gloria (History) <emeagwali@ccsu.edu> wrote:
>> Christian, who dated Lejja at 2000BC?I am really curious.
>> I visited Lejja in the1980s and had a discussion with a resident oral
>> historian/ custodian of culture guided by the late Dr. Anozie. The
>> interviewee insisted that the work was done by divine forces. I
>> concluded
>> that another Indigenous group of people may have lived in the area before
>> new migrants settled. I had no proof. We had no dates then.
>> GE
>>
>> Professor Gloria Emeagwali
>> History Department
>> Central Connecticut State University
>> 2019 Distinguished Africanist Awardee
>> New York African Studies Association
>>
>>
>> ________________________________
>> From: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com
>> <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Christian Chukwuma
>> Opata
>> <opatacc@gmail.com>
>> Sent: Monday, March 25, 2019 6:27:31 AM
>> To: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com
>> Subject: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Lejja Iron Smelting Research
>>
>> Dear All,
>> I am interested in the date of 2000BC associated with Lejja iron
>> smelting site. The date adds a lot of credence to the theory of
>> independent development of iron smelting in Africa as opposed to the
>> views of the diffusionist theorists. However, at present, there are no
>> smelters in Lejja. This forced some scholars and visitors to the site
>> to ask if the people occupying Lejja at present are not migrants who
>> inherited what they do not know. Lejja people on their part insist
>> that their ancestors were smelters and support their claims with some
>> tangible and intangible heritage. Incidentally, they use one of their
>> incarnate beings(masquerades) to support their claims.
>> I need the assistance of an expert in the field of incarnate beings to
>> help resolve the debates. I thank Prof Toyin Falola for creating this
>> forum.
>> --
>> Dr Christian Chukwuma Opata,
>> Department of History and International Studies,
>> Room 205, Block B,
>> Faculty of Arts Twin Complex,
>> University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
>>
>> --
>> Listserv moderated by Toyin Falola, University of Texas at Austin
>> To post to this group, send an email to
>> USAAfricaDialogue@googlegroups.com
>> To subscribe to this group, send an email to
>> USAAfricaDialogue+subscribe@googlegroups.com
>> Current archives at
>> https://nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fgroups.google.com%2Fgroup%2FUSAAfricaDialogue&data=01%7C01%7Cemeagwali%40ccsu.edu%7C1e802a0737e04faed4b008d6b1c68bba%7C2329c570b5804223803b427d800e81b6%7C0&sdata=bot58FMAvAWG1VyEhyAEjfurbmXCtk3%2FbKNX4s%2FGdX8%3D&reserved=0
>> Early archives at
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>> ---
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>>
>> --
>> Listserv moderated by Toyin Falola, University of Texas at Austin
>> To post to this group, send an email to
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>> Early archives at
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>> ---
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>>
>
>
> --
> Dr Christian Chukwuma Opata,
> Department of History and International Studies,
> Room 205, Block B,
> Faculty of Arts Twin Complex,
> University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
>
> --
> Listserv moderated by Toyin Falola, University of Texas at Austin
> To post to this group, send an email to USAAfricaDialogue@googlegroups.com
> To subscribe to this group, send an email to
> USAAfricaDialogue+subscribe@googlegroups.com
> Current archives at
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> Early archives at
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> ---
> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups
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>
> --
> Listserv moderated by Toyin Falola, University of Texas at Austin
> To post to this group, send an email to USAAfricaDialogue@googlegroups.com
> To subscribe to this group, send an email to
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> Early archives at https://nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.utexas.edu%2Fconferences%2Fafrica%2Fads%2Findex.html&data=01%7C01%7Cemeagwali%40ccsu.edu%7C1e802a0737e04faed4b008d6b1c68bba%7C2329c570b5804223803b427d800e81b6%7C0&sdata=VzR6oBgrlAevVhKObKpSHscbtKMmLm2X5Xw8d848oHU%3D&reserved=0
> ---
> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups
> "USA Africa Dialogue Series" group.
> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an
> email to usaafricadialogue+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com.
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>
--
Dr Christian Chukwuma Opata,
Department of History and International Studies,
Room 205, Block B,
Faculty of Arts Twin Complex,
University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
--
Listserv moderated by Toyin Falola, University of Texas at Austin
To post to this group, send an email to USAAfricaDialogue@googlegroups.com
To subscribe to this group, send an email to USAAfricaDialogue+subscribe@googlegroups.com
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---
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Thanks for the works you recommended. The Lejja site had been
attracting visitors and scholars since the date was announced in 2007.
The date became so controversial that members of the African
Archaeology Network that were not part of the excavation insisted on
visiting the site. They finally visited the site in 2010. Photos of
their visit are here attached.
On 25/03/2019, Emeagwali, Gloria (History) <emeagwali@ccsu.edu> wrote:
> Thanks for this information and your illuminating article.I was not aware of
> the dating for Lejja but knew about dates for Fitola in Northern Nigeria
> at 2400 BC (Darling)and eastern Niger at 2600 BC(Quechon). For Fitola,
> Darling used thermoluminescence dating through Durham University.You are
> right. West Africa ranks among the earliest iron producers globally.This is
> not meteoritic iron but terrestrial iron and could even be the oldest in the
> world. See Humphris and Rehren. (Eds.)(2013).The world of Iron. London:
> Archetype pub.
>
> Thank you for your illuminating article. I remember that site vividly. Btw,
> I also have a recording on micro cassette from that research.
>
> GE
>
>
> Professor Gloria Emeagwali
> 2019 Distinguished Africanist Awardee
> New York African Studies Association
>
>
> ________________________________
> From: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com
> <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Christian Chukwuma Opata
> <opatacc@gmail.com>
> Sent: Monday, March 25, 2019 9:17:33 AM
> To: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com
> Subject: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Lejja Iron Smelting Research
>
> Dear Prof,
> Thanks for your response. The dating was done by Dr Pamela Ezeuzomaka
> and was announced at Mozambique in 2007 during the conference of the
> African Archaeology Network chaired by Prof Chami. The report was
> later published in Studies in the African Past, Vol.7 as Iron Age
> Archaeology in Lejja, Nigeria, pp41-51.
> As for the account you referred to, most elders are not even aware of
> what smelting is; so I am not surprised. However, some from Dunoka,
> village are aware. I am happy you are interested in the project.
> I attach a copy of a work I published on the site for you to confirm
> some elders are aware of iron smelting as part of their culture..
> On 25/03/2019, Emeagwali, Gloria (History) <emeagwali@ccsu.edu> wrote:
>> Christian, who dated Lejja at 2000BC?I am really curious.
>> I visited Lejja in the1980s and had a discussion with a resident oral
>> historian/ custodian of culture guided by the late Dr. Anozie. The
>> interviewee insisted that the work was done by divine forces. I
>> concluded
>> that another Indigenous group of people may have lived in the area before
>> new migrants settled. I had no proof. We had no dates then.
>> GE
>>
>> Professor Gloria Emeagwali
>> History Department
>> Central Connecticut State University
>> 2019 Distinguished Africanist Awardee
>> New York African Studies Association
>>
>>
>> ________________________________
>> From: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com
>> <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Christian Chukwuma
>> Opata
>> <opatacc@gmail.com>
>> Sent: Monday, March 25, 2019 6:27:31 AM
>> To: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com
>> Subject: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Lejja Iron Smelting Research
>>
>> Dear All,
>> I am interested in the date of 2000BC associated with Lejja iron
>> smelting site. The date adds a lot of credence to the theory of
>> independent development of iron smelting in Africa as opposed to the
>> views of the diffusionist theorists. However, at present, there are no
>> smelters in Lejja. This forced some scholars and visitors to the site
>> to ask if the people occupying Lejja at present are not migrants who
>> inherited what they do not know. Lejja people on their part insist
>> that their ancestors were smelters and support their claims with some
>> tangible and intangible heritage. Incidentally, they use one of their
>> incarnate beings(masquerades) to support their claims.
>> I need the assistance of an expert in the field of incarnate beings to
>> help resolve the debates. I thank Prof Toyin Falola for creating this
>> forum.
>> --
>> Dr Christian Chukwuma Opata,
>> Department of History and International Studies,
>> Room 205, Block B,
>> Faculty of Arts Twin Complex,
>> University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
>>
>> --
>> Listserv moderated by Toyin Falola, University of Texas at Austin
>> To post to this group, send an email to
>> USAAfricaDialogue@googlegroups.com
>> To subscribe to this group, send an email to
>> USAAfricaDialogue+subscribe@googlegroups.com
>> Current archives at
>> https://nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fgroups.google.com%2Fgroup%2FUSAAfricaDialogue&data=01%7C01%7Cemeagwali%40ccsu.edu%7C1e802a0737e04faed4b008d6b1c68bba%7C2329c570b5804223803b427d800e81b6%7C0&sdata=bot58FMAvAWG1VyEhyAEjfurbmXCtk3%2FbKNX4s%2FGdX8%3D&reserved=0
>> Early archives at
>> https://nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.utexas.edu%2Fconferences%2Fafrica%2Fads%2Findex.html&data=01%7C01%7Cemeagwali%40ccsu.edu%7C1e802a0737e04faed4b008d6b1c68bba%7C2329c570b5804223803b427d800e81b6%7C0&sdata=VzR6oBgrlAevVhKObKpSHscbtKMmLm2X5Xw8d848oHU%3D&reserved=0
>> ---
>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups
>> "USA Africa Dialogue Series" group.
>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an
>> email to usaafricadialogue+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com.
>> For more options, visit
>> https://nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fgroups.google.com%2Fd%2Foptout&data=01%7C01%7Cemeagwali%40ccsu.edu%7C1e802a0737e04faed4b008d6b1c68bba%7C2329c570b5804223803b427d800e81b6%7C0&sdata=wkxjYVUdwUYNxJDBTRSRjCYRkQO%2BugFfTp%2BRj%2FGvSEo%3D&reserved=0.
>>
>> --
>> Listserv moderated by Toyin Falola, University of Texas at Austin
>> To post to this group, send an email to
>> USAAfricaDialogue@googlegroups.com
>> To subscribe to this group, send an email to
>> USAAfricaDialogue+subscribe@googlegroups.com
>> Current archives at
>> https://nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fgroups.google.com%2Fgroup%2FUSAAfricaDialogue&data=01%7C01%7Cemeagwali%40ccsu.edu%7C1e802a0737e04faed4b008d6b1c68bba%7C2329c570b5804223803b427d800e81b6%7C0&sdata=bot58FMAvAWG1VyEhyAEjfurbmXCtk3%2FbKNX4s%2FGdX8%3D&reserved=0
>> Early archives at
>> https://nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.utexas.edu%2Fconferences%2Fafrica%2Fads%2Findex.html&data=01%7C01%7Cemeagwali%40ccsu.edu%7C1e802a0737e04faed4b008d6b1c68bba%7C2329c570b5804223803b427d800e81b6%7C0&sdata=VzR6oBgrlAevVhKObKpSHscbtKMmLm2X5Xw8d848oHU%3D&reserved=0
>> ---
>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups
>> "USA Africa Dialogue Series" group.
>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an
>> email to usaafricadialogue+unsubscribe@googlegroups.com.
>> For more options, visit
>> https://nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fgroups.google.com%2Fd%2Foptout&data=01%7C01%7Cemeagwali%40ccsu.edu%7C1e802a0737e04faed4b008d6b1c68bba%7C2329c570b5804223803b427d800e81b6%7C0&sdata=wkxjYVUdwUYNxJDBTRSRjCYRkQO%2BugFfTp%2BRj%2FGvSEo%3D&reserved=0.
>>
>
>
> --
> Dr Christian Chukwuma Opata,
> Department of History and International Studies,
> Room 205, Block B,
> Faculty of Arts Twin Complex,
> University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
>
> --
> Listserv moderated by Toyin Falola, University of Texas at Austin
> To post to this group, send an email to USAAfricaDialogue@googlegroups.com
> To subscribe to this group, send an email to
> USAAfricaDialogue+subscribe@googlegroups.com
> Current archives at
> https://nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fgroups.google.com%2Fgroup%2FUSAAfricaDialogue&data=01%7C01%7Cemeagwali%40ccsu.edu%7C1e802a0737e04faed4b008d6b1c68bba%7C2329c570b5804223803b427d800e81b6%7C0&sdata=bot58FMAvAWG1VyEhyAEjfurbmXCtk3%2FbKNX4s%2FGdX8%3D&reserved=0
> Early archives at
> https://nam01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.utexas.edu%2Fconferences%2Fafrica%2Fads%2Findex.html&data=01%7C01%7Cemeagwali%40ccsu.edu%7C1e802a0737e04faed4b008d6b1c68bba%7C2329c570b5804223803b427d800e81b6%7C0&sdata=VzR6oBgrlAevVhKObKpSHscbtKMmLm2X5Xw8d848oHU%3D&reserved=0
> ---
> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups
> "USA Africa Dialogue Series" group.
> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an
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Dr Christian Chukwuma Opata,
Department of History and International Studies,
Room 205, Block B,
Faculty of Arts Twin Complex,
University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
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