Dialogues: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - UN Resolution 9291 of 22 June 1994 feeds the Rwandan genocide

hi gloria

i wasn't referring to the haitian revolution, but the moment in the french revolution, before napoleon, when slavery was actually abolished (1794). not just in haiti, but throughout the french world and its possessions. napoleon undid that(1802), even though he lost haiti.

ken

kenneth harrow

professor emeritus

dept of english

michigan state university

517 803-8839

harrow@msu.edu

From: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Emeagwali, Gloria (History) <emeagwali@ccsu.edu>
Sent: Saturday, April 6, 2019 1:23:39 AM
To: usa
Subject: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - UN Resolution 9291 of 22 June 1994 feeds the Rwandan genocide

Correction needed, Ken. The Haitians grabbed their freedom through a revolution. The French did not give it to them on a platter. Napoleon tried to reverse a hard won achievement. There is no good side here.

Professor Gloria Emeagwali
Prof. of History/African Studies

From: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Harrow, Kenneth <harrow@msu.edu>
Sent: Friday, April 5, 2019 2:18:06 PM
To: usa
Subject: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - UN Resolution 9291 of 22 June 1994 feeds the Rwandan genocide

thanks gloria, for the reflection. i do appreciate your point.

you might say, if napoleon reinstated slavery, he reinstated the slavery that the french had also abolished prior to him.

or i would say, there's the good side and the bad side....

right? the french also abolished the slave trade in 1815? and slavery itself 20 years later. i suppose we could say, better late than never, considering it took the brazilians till 1885 or so to get to abolition. and cuba same, more or less.

as for rwanda, when the tutsis came down in 1990, trying to return and to overturn the habyarimana govt, the french allied themselves with habyarimana. after the plane was shot down (disputes over who did it; i lean to accepting it was the extremists of hutu power, but nothing is really definitive there), the french along with the belgians pushed to limit the un peacekeepers, and prevailed on clinton to go along. that was a crime of historical proportions. as the genocide proceeded, it was no longer an affair of outsiders generating the genocide, but rather the impedence of un peacekeepers, whose numbers were reduced to only those guarding a standium. kofi annan went along with this crime.

in years since, lots of crocodile tears, from clinton, annan. etc. but the bodies piled up were too dead to hear these apologies. and my ears are blocked as well.

mitterand sent in his troops, operation torquoise, who came expecting to find hutu being slaughtered by tutsis, but in fact, found the opposite. kagame's troops commited excesses up north, but they were not the actions of rpf's policies, and there were trials of some responsible for the war crimes.

it's a long story, and doesn't stop there, but that's my understanding of the french role. they backed away after habyarimana was killed, at some point. i suppose prunier's account of that, in his second draft, gives the details for anyone interested.

ken

kenneth harrow

professor emeritus

dept of english

michigan state university

517 803-8839

harrow@msu.edu

From: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Emeagwali, Gloria (History) <emeagwali@ccsu.edu>
Sent: Thursday, April 4, 2019 11:50:29 AM
To: usa
Subject: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - UN Resolution 9291 of 22 June 1994 feeds the Rwandan genocide

Ken,

You should not assume that every posting is endorsed by the sender. Someone may actually disagree with the contents of a posting and forward it all the same. We can't blame the messenger but should proceed to analyze the contents of the posting - as you actually did. Thank you.

Didn't the French have something to do with the Rwandan genocide triggered by the plane crash?

Right now the French are keeping Cameroon's Biya in power. Sarkhozy extorted election campaign money from Gadaffi and then supported his assassination. They are often up to no good. Was he anxious to get rid of the evidence?

So far the French have been on the wrong side of the equation in most cases. Napoleon reinstated slavery, and his successors made the Haitians pay their former oppressors, extorting money from the country well into the 20th century to the tune of about 40 billion dollars in today's money, without interest. France continues to control the currencies of their former colonies through the CFA, to date. They opportunistically intervene in the affairs of their former colonies at the drop of a hat. As for the 5 million Hutus who died in the Congo in the 1990s, was that not a coalition of several Western countries along with Uganda - reminiscent of the current Yemen bloodshed. We may be thinking of different events.

Professor Gloria Emeagwali
History Department, CCSU
www.africahistory.net

http://web.ccsu.edu/afstudy/archive.html

Chief Editor- "Africa Update"

www.vimeo.com/user5946750/videos

Gloria Emeagwali's Documentaries

2014 Distinguished Research Excellence Award in African Studies

University of Texas at Austin

2019 Distinguished Africanist Award

New York African Studies Association

From: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Harrow, Kenneth <harrow@msu.edu>
Sent: Tuesday, April 2, 2019 9:14 AM
To: USA Africa Dialogue Series
Subject: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - UN Resolution 9291 of 22 June 1994 feeds the Rwandan genocide

i do not know steve brown, but this posting is quite misleading. if you read french, go ahead and read the link to rfi. it does not really say much like what the posting states. to keep it brief: the posting implies operation torquoise was secretly working to rearm the genocidaires. in fact, it created a corridor to allow fleeing hutus to flow into zaire. it alludes to a possible arming of hutu forces, but doesn't state when. in fact, there was no secret about french support for habyarimana's regime. the earliest writing about the genocide by prunier show all that business. this is like scandalmongering to accuse the french of arming hutus committing genocide by linking this to operation torquoise.

it is true the french went into rwanda expecting to find the tutsis were actually committing genocide, and finding to their surprise it was the other way around. whatever we can say about operation torquoise, and challenge its role of allowing all hutus, including the genocidaires to flee, it was not an operation that supported the continuing genocide of tutsis in july. even if the french surreptituously were shipping arms to the hutu regime, that's not what operation torquoise was about, it was about ending the fighting in the southeast and creating a corridor of flight.

my interest in rwanda stems from my role as country specialist for amnesty international for rwanda and burundi, and i've been in that position since 1993. i have no partisan feelings about this, but am opposed to abuses of human rights and of human beings that included not only the genocide of april-june 1994 of primarily tutsis, totalling 800,000 people; but also the 5-6 million who died in zaire from 1996 on, a consequence of the warfare in east congo for which kagame bears an important responsibility. he went on to create essentially an authoritanian police state.

ken

kenneth harrow

professor emeritus

dept of english

michigan state university

517 803-8839

harrow@msu.edu

From: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Steve Brown <mailkior@gmail.com>
Sent: Monday, April 1, 2019 6:51:07 PM
To: USA Africa Dialogue Series
Subject: USA Africa Dialogue Series - UN Resolution 9291 of 22 June 1994 feeds the Rwandan genocide

FRENCH GOVERNMENT RE-ARMED GENOCIDAIRES

Emmanuel Macron's diplomacy with China and Russia is nothing but the warlike rhetoric of a coward.

Before forming the largest army in the world, Macron must answer for the use of the French army during the Rwandan genocide of 1994.

"Operation Turquoise is a military operation organized by France and authorized by UN Security Council Resolution 9291 of 22 June 1994 during the genocide of Tutsis in Rwanda. Its mission is to "end the massacres wherever possible, possibly using force. " NOT REARM GENOCIDAIRES ! That's what the French soldiers of Operation Turquoise did.

A GREAT BETRAYAL !

Even today, 25 years later, the French government still keeps under seal the documents on Operation Turquoise, a UN HUMANITARIAN operation.

In French :

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ZNO--KQi9o&feature=youtu.be&fbclid=IwAR3fiZQBzu4H4yePWkjz2JK2LbGqi-hpGxGnOij6Z3bVXNJZSoaXwJm0I70

http://www.rfi.fr/afrique/20170804-genocide-rwanda-fausse-promesse-ouverture-archives-francaises

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Saturday, April 6, 2019

Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - UN Resolution 9291 of 22 June 1994 feeds the Rwandan genocide

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