kenneth harrow
professor emeritus
dept of english
michigan state university
517 803-8839
harrow@msu.edu
Sent: Sunday, August 21, 2022 5:22 PM
To: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com>
Subject: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Muhammed's Koran and Salman Rushdie's The Satanic Verses: A Comparative Reading
Blasphemy Laws in Muslim Countries
Back then: Ahmed Deedat on The Satanic Verses
Hopefully, someone here with hindsight and foresight, can answer this question: Why was the attack on Rushdie allowed to take place on American soil and why did it happen so many years after the fatwa had been withdrawn? Fate? Predestination?
A good place to begin : MEMRI: Reactions to the attack on Salman Rushdie
After the attack; Hundreds of writers including Paul Auster at a New York event in support of Salman Rushdie
Do I believe in freedom of speech? You decide. I should have responded to Don Harrow's Parthian shot on Friday afternoon except that I was well on the way to Muskö to some peace and quiet over the holy weekend.
I'm still musing over what the always optimistic Rosling said, that we in the affluent West should stop thinking of ourselves as normal ( suffering or shuffering from normalcy) and at the same time go on believing/suffering from the illusion that everyone else is not normal.
Of course, it is not a matter of libel and slander, defamation of character etc, to think that someone is abnormal, is ordinary like me, is not a real prophet etc, even if that someone has two billion disciples in fact, who are prepared to shed your blood if you as much as make the wrong move. In the meantime, this is what happens with an ordinary hero known as the average Joe.
I have just zapped through Jonathan Cook's lamentations about his cherub, Assange - Julian Assange the international gossipmonger who could have sparked off a few wars here and there by his irresponsible, irrepressible and reprehensible information leaks, certainly raising the temperature between Iran and Saudi Arabia by his leak about the Saudis appeal to the Wild West to "cut off the head of the snake", and by "snake", some would say that the Saudis, not exactly holy guardian angels themselves, were ignominiously and treacherously referring to their fellow Muslims and rivals, the Islamic Republic of Iran. At least Edward Snowden never made that kind of mischief, or imagined himself a world statesman, like Assange, granting interviews from the balcony of the Ecuadorian embassy where he was holed up for eight long years…
Whilst at it, for balance and to add some flavour to his sauce, Jonathan Cook could have also taken up John Bolton's recent confessions about Uncle Sam's Pinocchio nose in every pie and almost every detestable coup d'etat in the world and every loving embrace of every favoured / special dictator in the world, not to mention more profiteering with the gunrunning and extensive financial letters of credit to folks like Zelensky, whilst the poor people in the USA are still mourning with Stevie Wonder in Village Ghetto Land and Pastime Paradise
Professor Harrow, I guess it's OK to be talking about "Jewish traditions" of arguing with God. In the "New Testament", so-called, we witness Jesus disputing with the devil during his 40 days of fasting and temptations in the wilderness, but Judaism is not Islam; Islam has its own traditions and adab - and yes there's the occasion when the Prophet of Islam Sallallahu alaihi wa salaam - during the Miraj does not " argue" but humbly pleads with the Almighty and the daily prayers were reduced from fifty to five daily prayers
Photo taken on Friday afternoon at Muskö, about a hundred yards from our abode.
We ought to be sensitive to Islamic sensibilities; ridiculing and assaulting Islam is not the same as criticising Islam; the Spinoza that's being referred to did not ridicule Judaism, whether or not from a more orthodox point of view he blasphemed the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob and was therefore excommunicated, so to speak, seems to me a different matter altogether.
With reference to the Fatwa on Rushdie, we ought not to forget or relegate the status of literature, and the contributions of Persian Literature, poetry, religion and philosophy to Iranian and world Civilisation….Some Ahmad Shamlou
--it is good to open the question of censorship to discussion.the question of holocaust denial is a good one. one might ask, does permitting holocaust denial publically endanger jews. in canada and france, it is illegal. in the u.s. it is not, it is protected speech.the john locke answer would be the liberal one: you should counteract lies in the public domain by affirming the truth, and let truth win on its merits. that argument woulldn't really hold in the case of rwanda where the propaganda was an incitement to violence which led to genocide. in the u.s., incitements to violence aaare punishable, but not until the damage is done.i do not believe barring holocaust denial works to protect jews, and it would be better countered by aaffirming the extremism and uneducated nature of the denials. peoople would be more inclined to reject the denials if they were met by rational proofs.i suppose you could push that and aask how much trump or orban should be aallowed to vilify foreigners or immigrants. that also causes damage. but by limiting polliticaal speech, the risk of giving censors control over over minds, as in russsia oor other authoritanian states, woulld be perhaps too great.abbas's exaggerations are annoying at worst: he is trying to say, we palestinians have suffered enormously, surely you can understand that if you too suffered as we did. he chose an unfortunate way to put it since the reaaction was so great.i disagree with your statements about rushdie. he should be as free to criticize islamic beliefs as anyone. that doesn't make them a miscreant, etc. when nietzsche wrote Zarathustra, he was brillliant. you could say the same foor sspinoza.
cornelius, surely you don't want every authorized of scripture to stand as absolute text. where do our inquiring brains come into play here? i make commentaries, dvarim, on the parshahot of torah almost weekly, and it is a great intellectual challenge. that's our tradition, to be open to revision aand contradiction.
ken
kenneth harrow
professor emeritus
dept of english
michigan state university
517 803-8839
From: usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Cornelius Hamelberg <corneliushamelberg@gmail.com>
Sent: Thursday, August 18, 2022 3:54 PM
To: USA Africa Dialogue Series <usaafricadialogue@googlegroups.com>
Subject: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Muhammed's Koran and Salman Rushdie's The Satanic Verses: A Comparative ReadingIn this day and age, under what status does e.g Holocaust Denial fall according to the Mille Collines rule?
This happened just the other day: In what category does Mahmoud Abbas belong when he accuses Israel of having committed 50 Holocausts ?
This has almost certainly made Abbas a persona non grata in today's Germany.
Should that kind of accusation not be criminalised or should Mahmoud Abbas' "courage'' be supported and defended? (Just asking. Ignoramus would like to know. )
Today, we have six to seven-year-olds who have memorised the entirety of the Holy Quran. Iran has produced a few such prodigies.
As far as I'm concerned, it's only a miscreant and mischief-maker like Rushdie who you sympathise with as " a troubled character uncertain in his faith" that would have created a quite diabolic character in his " The Satanic Verses" and have him play the role of a scribe who jots down each revelation that's recited to him by the Prophet of Islam, Sallallahu alaihi wa salaam, and then at a later date cunningly changes the wording of the revelations that were recited to him and in his wildest imagination set to words on paper and print, have the Prophet of Islam not notice these subtle changes.
We know that Zayd ibn Thabit is the name of Rasulullah's trustworthy scribe. We also know as I read on page 119 of Al Rasa'el last night that Ali Ibn Abi Talib alaihi salaam, was "At all times he accompanied the Prophet to help and protect him from his enemies. He wrote down the verses of the Holy Koran and discussed them with the Prophet as soon as they were revealed."He devoted all his life in the service of God for the welfare of humanity. He is known as the personification of justice, wisdom, courage, humbleness, kindness, generosity, eloquence and knowledge"
You may not be that interested in what you have every right to regard as ahistoric or as variant versions of Islamic hagiography, but at the height of the fatwa crisis, there were critics who thought that the most peaceful way forward for distraught Muslims could have been to present historic facts m, side by side with Rusgdie's troubled fiction, as corrections
--On Thursday, 18 August 2022 at 19:38:07 UTC+2 Kenneth Harrow wrote:
rushdie has spoken in his own defense ever sincee the fatwa.he is not alone.
if i were to offer a defense i would say that no nation, no group, has the right to censor another person's writings or words unless it were to prevent harm to others. i'd call this the Mille COllines rule.
i do not count religious blasphemy as harm to persons. i don't believe in god, so i don't think it is harmful to non-human entities either, but if i were a believer i would say that you are still free to insult my religion any way you want. the name for that belief might be that of human rights or lliberal rights, but i do believe it is a right, and a right that is basic and decent.
killing or harming someone becaause they challenge a belief seems indecent to me.i want to repeat that: insulting judaism might be unpleasant for me, for jews; but it is not the same as antisemitism which attacks people and results in much harm. the same goes for all religions.
rushdie harmed no one with his writings. he didn't even harm mohammed or god since the text was presented as being written by a trouble character uncertain in his faith.
no one cares about the content of the book: the logic of the ayatollahs is that of threatening and killing, not reading, reasoning, thinking, interpreting, understanding.
i wish my friend cornelius would go that far. i couldn't care less what judgment the saudi govt might pass: they already haaave assassinated opposition journalists, and lack any credibility on the scale of decency and human rights. iran is no better. and on a less violent level, our censors in the states are equally dumb, bigoted, and narrow minded.
PEN International defends writers. Which side do you want to be on; Pen's, defending the right of writers throughout the world, or ayatollahs who are so afraid of disagreement they telll their followers to kill their opponents.
the answer can be found in Rushdie's beautiful novel Haroun; a decent world of art and beauty; an indecent world of intolerance and stupidity.a less courageous response might be that rushdie should have shut up. but his courage was really in the name of all of us who refused intimidation.i have my own questions about rushdie's statements over the years, but on this point it is simple and clear. he deserves being defended for his courage.
ken
kenneth harrow
professor emeritus
dept of english
michigan state university
From: usaafric...@googlegroups.com <usaafric...@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Oluwatoyin Adepoju <ovde...@gmail.com>
Sent: Thursday, August 18, 2022 10:32 AM
To: usaafric...@googlegroups.com <usaafric...@googlegroups.com>
Subject: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Muhammed's Koran and Salman Rushdie's The Satanic Verses: A Comparative ReadingA superb one from Cornelius
--On Thu, Aug 18, 2022, 15:15 Cornelius Hamelberg <cornelius...@gmail.com> wrote:
We are all human beings, and partake of human nature: al-Insan al-Kamil, Imam Ali, Magdalena Andersson, Aristotle, Joe Biden, Buddha, Muhammadu Buhari, Jesus, Xi Jinping, Boris Johnson, Mao, Golda Meir, Moses, Plato, Putin, Wallace Stevens, the Sweden Democrats, Bola Tinubu, Liz Truss…
The original question was,
" Today it is Rushdie. tomorrow, who?"
The pavlovian Islamic reaction guarantees that there will not be several Rushdie types in the near future. Muslims respect their Prophet just as the people of Japan respect their Emperor and the people of Thailand respect their King. Rushdie doesn't need a fatwa on his head in order to understand that Japan and Thailand would not tolerate any disrespect. Nor would he go on a goodwill mission to Saudi Arabia with " The Satanic Verses" along with a few bottles of Chivas in his cabin luggage.
Rushdie exclusively represents the written & published and widely distributed word that belongs to the literary / story-telling world. What about the more spontaneous, local word in a not so widely spoken tongue that erupts in the middle of an argument and the reaction - that "Justice delayed, is justice denied"?
The fact is that in Nigeria, street justice took its course, just a few months ago when Deborah Samuel was summarily executed for alleged blasphemy by an angry student mob comprising her fellow students. It is still not clear which law in Nigeria appointed her fellow students legal judges and executioners. Have they since then been tried for the murder that they committed?
In the case of Rushdie, we can imagine another course of action whereby Rushdie could have been kidnapped ( the way that Umaru Dikko was almost kidnapped) and flown to Tehran, Mashad or Qom where he would have been tried not by a Kangaroo court composed of incensed mullahs flaring at the nostrils, but by an even more competent Islamic juridical authority, found guilty (a preordained conclusion) and summarily executed for blasphemy, by a firing squad or by hanging ( like Saddam).
In his own defence, if instead of repenting he still had the courage to be defiant, of course, he would say that the crime was committed in Merry England and that the Ayatollahs, therefore, had no jurisdiction - in response to which the Mullahs would tell him to STFU and kindly remind him that the whole earth belongs to Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala, and that Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala is everywhere and doesn't like His prophets and saints being mocked by miscreants…
--On Wednesday, 17 August 2022 at 16:45:42 UTC+2 Kenneth Harrow wrote:
in the united states there is a strong movement of censorship, on the left and right. right now perhaps mostly on the right. anything deemed woke must be repressed, and especially kept from the children. kept from courses,kept from libraries, kept for the minds of those holdingpublic office.the republicans are in thrall to the ayatollahs of fatwa fame.
cancel culture now works on both the left and rightl;but the right takes it to a more absolutist level. the left uses it to attempt to protect vulnerable populations; the right to impose the conventions of a dominant culture that aspires to maintain white supremacy, but using other words like normal or everyday or rural to describe this culture.
i feel we--most of us on this list--are trapped by this war between rigid warlords.today it is rushdie. tomorrow, who?
ken
kenneth harrow
professor emeritus
dept of english
michigan state university
From: usaafric...@googlegroups.com <usaafric...@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Cornelius Hamelberg <cornelius...@gmail.com>
Sent: Wednesday, August 17, 2022 5:54 AM
To: USA Africa Dialogue Series <usaafric...@googlegroups.com>
Subject: Re: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Muhammed's Koran and Salman Rushdie's The Satanic Verses: A Comparative Reading
Compared with the Quran, there's no choice other than 100% agreement with what you say about Rushdie's extended phantasmagorical nonsense
Just a short question.
By the same yardstick, regarding Sacred Texts, what do we have to say about Dante's Divine Comedy?
Should a fatwa carrying or recommending the death penalty be passed on him, his publishers, distributors and readers, currently and posthumously?
In the modern world, what is supposed to be the fate of what's perceived as satirical, ireverential, blasphemous, anti-religious fiction, or poetry, music, drama, art, outside the jurisdiction of the thought-police and e.g. the Ayatollahs?
Must we always have to argue with a madman?
Perhaps, whilst you are at it Sir, you could take a little time out to answer the question WHAT MAKES ISLAM SO DIFFERENT
--On Wednesday, 17 August 2022 at 01:12:33 UTC+2 drsikir...@gmail.com wrote:
In the intellectual world, a writer is a literary artist who designs ideas with words and expressions. Most at times, the writer travels far into his world of imagination. He then requires a very sophisticated audience of the caliber of this global Forum to actually discern his message.In discerning the message, a critic could validate or invalidate the presented hypothesis.In the above context therefore, this write up is an attempt to compare the incomparable. The Qur'an is not just a Book of Worship. It is a compendium of Philosophy, Sociology, Physical and abstract Sciences and Jurisprudence. Rushdie's presentation is one of the most recent attempts of certain class of sceptics to disprove the Divinity of the Qur'an.Without being apologetic, as a scholar of Islamic Studies, there are intrinsic qualities that characterize the revelation, recording, compilation and the standardization of the Qur'an.For example, Surah Al Kahf, Chpt 18 of the Qur'an opens with an emphatic declaration as follows:"All praise belongs to Allah Who has sent down the Book to His servant, and has not placed therein any crookedness"The author of this comparison should have gone half a step further to read the opening of the 2nd chapter, Al Baqarah, which laid a solid foundation for the verse above. Verse 2 of that chapter says:" This is a perfect Book, there is no doubt in it, it is a guidance for the righteous. "Pointed verses of these categories have motivated more serious minded scholars, such as William Muir in history to carry out intensive studies of the Quranic texts in order to bring out the human elements contained in it.Unfortunately, their studies ended up compelling most of them to admit the Divinity of the Qur'an. Kenneth Craig even went far in his " Qur'an - A Scripture for the Arabs?In Salman Rushdie's work, the objective was to discredit the Qur'an. The conception of the satanic verses was a satiric process. It was not intended as an equivalent literature hence the comparison has no basis ab initio.Rather than reading it in the context of blasphemy, the comparison is just an intellectual exercise aimed at soliciting study materials for further research. The satanic verses are just too vague, derisive and twisted. The Qur'an is absolutely incomparable as a work of Theosophy.
On Tue, Aug 16, 2022, 8:11 PM Toyin Falola <toyin...@austin.utexas.edu> wrote:
--Will this not pass for blasphemy?
From: usaafric...@googlegroups.com <usaafric...@googlegroups.com> on behalf of Oluwatoyin Adepoju <ovde...@gmail.com>
Date: Tuesday, August 16, 2022 at 2:04 PM
To: usaafricadialogue <usaafric...@googlegroups.com>
Subject: USA Africa Dialogue Series - Muhammed's Koran and Salman Rushdie's The Satanic Verses: A Comparative Reading
Muhammed's Koran and Salman Rushdie's The Satanic Verses
A Comparative Reading
Oluwatoyin Vincent Adepoju
Comparative Cognitive Processes and Systems
"Exploring Every Corner of the Cosmos in Search of Knowledge"
Two authors, two books. One, Muhammed, claims divine inspiration, another, Rushdie, claims inspiration perhaps from his own creative powers. Both books are described as being in opposition.
This an effort to slowly read both books and learn from them in a comparative manner.
1. The Koran.
Surah al Fatiha. The Opening.
In the name of Allah, the Entirely Merciful, the Especially Merciful.
Praise be to Allah, the Cherisher and Sustainer of the Worlds.
Most Gracious, Most Merciful.
Master of the Day of Judgement.
You we worship, Your aid we seek.
Show us the Straight Way.
The Path of those on whom you have bestowed your grace
not of those who have inspired your anger
those who have gone astray.
Composite rendering from translations by Saheeh International, Abdullah Yusuf Alli, Sayyid Abdul A la Mawdudi, as trans. by Zafar Ishaq Ansari, with some modifications by myself that do not change the content.
This opening needs to be listened to in powerful Koranic chanting to be adequately appreciated, even if one does not understand the language in which the chanting is uttered. Superb examples can be got online, with YouTube being a primary source.
The vocal rendering dramatizes with poignant force what it means to commit oneself to belief in a transcendent reality of all pervasive force, one way of describing the divine identity the opening salutes.
Travelling a long distance, parched with thirst, I came at last upon an oasis in the dry wilderness, a gleam of life in the deadly desert. Long prayer, month after month, sustained me in that cave, until the nourishing waters poured through. Voices in coming millennia will ask if I heard a divine voice or an imaginary one. The best I can do is testify.
So Muhammed may be imagined as testifying, using imagery of travelling in a desert, to the experience that led him to compose those opening lines which perhaps a countless number of people chant today in following his example.
Does Allah exist? Do any of the various conceptions of a creator and sustainer of the universe have any reality apart from the beliefs of those who hold those views?
I don't know.
How may one find out?
Perhaps by following the practices of those who hold such beliefs.
Does that mean that one must believe to know? I doubt it.
2. The Satanic Verses
Epigraph
Satan, being thus confined to a vagabond, wandering, unsettled condition, is without any certain abode; for though he has, in consequence of his angelic nature, a kind of empire in the liquid waste or air, yet this is certainly part of his punishment, that he is . . . without any fixed place, or space, allowed him to rest the sole of his foot upon.
Daniel Defoe, The History of the Devil
A description of Satan, the primary adversary of God, as described in the Bible. An angel, formerly lofty in heaven, but now homeless.
Does Satan exist?
I don't know.
Rushdie is a fiction writer, not a self-described prophet like Muhammed, so where could be going with this?
The unfolding drama of his first chapter should reveal that.
''Self described'' refers to Muhammed's self description, accepted by his followers. Some claim fiction writers may also be prophets but they often do not describe themselves that way.
Can both descriptions have value?
Muhammed was certainly a prophet, because he testified to values beyond the scope of most human beings.
Whether or not a particular imaginative writer is also a prophet may depend on how one interprets the depth of their message.
The creative sensitivities of both authors are evident in those contrastive openings.
This is so even though the openings refer to two total opposites, the creator of the universe and his former lieutenant, now turned rebel, Satan.
These spiritual identities occur in the same religious universe, the Abrahamic tradition represented by Judaism, Christianity and Islam.
Muhammed's own Koranic lines come through his own verbal expression, though attributed to divine inspiration.
Those of Rushdie are a quote from another writer, but a quote dramatizing powerful imagistic resonance, potent visual force, a vivid evocation of a tragic state.
Clearly, we have here two masters in the art of language, vivifying for us an invisible universe, since neither the creator of the universe or Satan are known as visible entities.
Muhammed projects this vivification through ideational rhythm, a musical balance of ideas, between mercy and wrath, between cosmic creativity and sensitivity to the individual human petitioner, the entire sequence shot through by profound emotional force in the face of the ultimate arbiter of existence, its creator, sustainer and judge.
Rushdie's quote from Daniel Defoe, on the other hand, is also elevated in ideational evocation, lifting the mind to engage the material world, air and other elements, in relation to a mighty but tragic spiritual identity, a creative projection scintillating in its expansion of the mind's imaginative force, its capacity to ''see'' through thought, but the picture generated is one meant to inspire caution and repellence, not identification, as in the Koranic opening.
Two authors, separated by centuries, by very different personalities and histories, in very different parts of the world, but both engaging similar subjects from very different angles.
Where is each of them going with this?
Background to this Post
''Everyone, Muslims and Non-Muslims, Should Read Salman Rushdie's Satanic Verses'', Oluwatoyin Vincent Adepoju
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